World War 1
Finale
1917 - 1918
U-Boats
 American entry
 Russian revolution
 Last German offensive
 Allied victory
 Treaty of Versailles
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U - Boats
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British had control of
the seas
Germans countered
with submarine
warfare
War on British Navy
War on cargo ships
Lead to US
declaration of war in
April 1917
U - Boats
U - Boats
U - Boats
Russian Revolution
In 1917, the war was going badly for
Russia
 Bloody revolution breaks out at home
 Communists versus Czarists
 Czarists are overthrown
 New Russian leader – Lenin – makes
peace with the Germans
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Russian Revolution
Czars – Russian Ruling Class
Communists
The New Leader
Lenin
Last German Offensive
With Russian surrender, Germans focused
their efforts on the western front
 Their offensive brought them to within 50
miles of Paris
 Allies recovered, supported by newly
arrived Americans

Allied Victory
Passchendaele
 Cambrai
 Marne
 Final months of the war
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Cambrai
Allied offensive
 No preliminary bombardment
 476 tanks
 Six infantry divisions
 Two cavalry divisions
 Costly for both sides
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Second Battle of the Marne
15 July 1918
 Ludendorff
 Attempted breakthrough against French
Army, led by General Ferdinand Foch
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The Generals
Marne
Germans failed to break through
 French counterattacked, supported by
British Empire, US and Italian soldiers
 Germans were driven back to starting
position
 Allied casualties were 120,000
 German casualties were 168,000
 Last major German offensive
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Final months of the war 1918
The war continued on into November
 Allied saw some success in battles such as
Amiens, Albert and Meuse-Argonne
 In the Mediterranean, other allied divisions
were forcing the surrender of Turkey,
Bulgaria and Austria Hungary.
 War ends on November 11 1918
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Amiens
Among the Defeated (under X)
Treaty of Versailles
Drawn and signed by the major powers in
1919
 Six months of negotiations
 Many conflicting viewpoints
 A compromise nobody liked
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Treaty of Versailles Signing
Treaty of Versailles
Treaty of Versailles
PM David Lloyd
George UK
 Vittorio Orlando Italy
 Georges Clemenceau
of France
 President Woodrow
Wilson USA
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Also Present
Nguyen Ai Quoc
 Ho Chi Minh
 Vietnamese in Paris
unsuccessfully
attempt to present a
homeland
independence
document to
Versailles Peace
Conference

Treaty of Versailles
Military limitations placed on Germans
 Germany gives back the Alsace-Lorraine
district
 Germany had to recognize the
independence of various nations
 Germany loses its overseas colonies
 German Army limited to 100,000 men
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