13.1:
Immigrants(coming here to stay) flooding United Statescoming from eastern and southern europe
Emmigrants(leaving to stay somewhere else) 70% are men
ReasonsJobs
Avoid military service in old country
Class restrictions(persecution)- poverty
Escape religious persecution(jewish population in russia)
Come by boat- through steerage- bottom/gross part
East Coast- go through Ellis Island
12 million pass through
they are processedmedical exam
literary test
citizenship exam
Medical exam
labels
H- heart problems
K- hernias
Sc- scalp problems- lice/fleas
X- mental disability
West Coast- go through Angel Island- asian immigrants
Immigrants had a better life the sooner they assimilated
Ethnic City- a group of one culture that group together in a small area. Stuck to old
customs
from old country
Nativism- great dislike for immigrants by native born people. leads to
prejudice/discrimination
American Protective Association- Henry Bowers 1887
Anti-catholic group
School board- segregates schools/ no chinese/ japanese immigrants in public schoolthey
were sent to oriental school- not good.
Japan says to Theodore Roosevelt that they will slow down emmigration if they
get rid
of segregation/ oriental schools.
President Theodore Roosevelt talks to school boards- stop segregation
Gentleman’s agreement
13.2:
Cities triple in size
1. Job
-more opportunity
-higher pay
2) city life
-culture
-arts
-theatre
-amenities
-indoor plumbing
3) standard of living goes up
Build up instead of out- invention of elevator, steel beams, and plate glass
First steel frame building- William Lebaron Jenney
Father of the modern skyscraper- Louis Sullivan
City transportation- cable cars, horse drawn train cars, electric cable car
Chicago- elevated train
Boston and New York- went underground with subways
High society-lots of money
-the man works while the woman stays home
-lots of servants (maid, butler, chef, nanny)
-build large homes in the center of the city
Middle class-good amount of money
-man works while woman manages the home
-will have 1 or 2 servants
-sometimes women did work but had much better job opportunity than working
class
(teaching, nursing, clerical)
-live in the suburbs- where they can buy a house and commute
Working class-very little money($445 annually avg)
-both men and women work (women were domestic servants)
-live in tenements- apartment buildings
first one 1839
a building with 3-4 families residing in them
Crime rates jump
Political machines-gain strength
-grow by graft and bribes
-helped immigrants find jobs, homes, and necessities in order to obtain their
votes
Tammany Hall- most successful. run by William “Boss” Tweed