Organic Chemistry.
Standard 10.
Ms. Siddall.
Standard 10a: Large molecules
Organic chemistry = The study of organic
compounds, which are compounds containing
carbon.
 There are over 16 million carbon compounds!
study question 1

Which compounds are organic?




C3H8
Al2O3
SO2
C2H5O
Organic molecules

Hydrocarbon: An organic molecule
composed of hydrogen and carbon atoms.

Example: gasoline, methane.
study question 2

Which compounds are hydrocarbons?




C3H8
Ca(OH)2
NO2
C22H46
Polymer

A large organic molecule consisting of
repeating units called monomers.

Example: plastic, protein.
H H
Plastic
Monomer 
H C C H
H H
H H H H H H H H
Polymer 
C C C C C C C C
H H H H H H H H
Polymer: Starch
Starch = polysaccharide (polymer)
 sugar molecule = monomer

study question 3


What is a polymer?
Give an example.
Standard 10b:
carbon bonding characteristics

Carbon:
A unique atom
 4 valence electrons
 forms 4 bonds.
 forms over 16 million
compounds…..

•
•C•
•
electrons
study question 4

Why is carbon a unique atom?
Carbon:



e.x. Methane (CH4)
Four single covalent bonds:
Shape = tetrahedral.
H
H C H
H
2 electrons = 1 bond
Carbon:



e.x. Formaldehyde (CH2O).
One double covalent bond:
Shape = trigonal planar.
H
H C
4 electrons =
2 bonds =
double bond
O
Carbon:



e.x. Carbon dioxide (CO2)
two double covalent bonds
Shape = linear.
O
C
O
Carbon:



e.x. Hydrogen cyanide (HCN)
One triple covalent bond
Shape = linear
H
C
N
study question 5

What is the shape of methanone (CH2O)?
O
H
C
H
Standard 10c: amino acids & proteins
Amino Acids:
 Proteins are polymers
 Amino acids are monomers
 combine with peptide bond. (polypeptide)
 One molecule of water is produced when
a peptide bond is formed (= dehydration)


Unique function of amino acids and proteins
depends on shape and properties.
Example: cysteine, glutamine, and glycine
combine to remove toxins from the body.
cystein
Glycine
Glutamine
study question 6

What are the monomers that make up
proteins?
DNA





Polymer
Formed from nucleic acids (monomers)
Contains ‘phosphate backbone’ (= bonds)
hydrogen bonds connect strands to form a
double helix
DNA contains the ‘blueprint’ for building
proteins
study question 7

What is DNA made up of?
Naming organic compounds.
Carbons
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Root name
Meth
Eth
Prop
But
Pent
Hex
Hept
Oct
Non
Dec
ending
Single bond
-ane
Double bond
-ene
Triple bond
-yne
Examples:
H
• Methane H C H
H
H H
• Ethane
H C
C H
H H
H H H
• Propane
H C
C C H
H H H
study question 8

Name this compound:
H H H H
H C
C C C
H H H H
H
Examples:
Name = ethane
Name = ethene
Name = ethyne
H H
H C C H
H H
H C C H
H H
H C C H
study question 9

Name this compound:
H H H
H C
C C
H
H
Benzene ring
H
H
H
C
C
C
H
C
C
C
H
H
shorthand
Rules
1.
Name the ‘parent’ chain (the longest chain)
2.
Use number to denote bond if necessary
3.
number the branch (end in –yl) and add as
a prefix
2-pentene
2-methylpentane
study question 10

Draw:
 3-methyl hexane
 Propyne
Copy table 23.1 from page 726.
Add two extra columns for an example
Omit the first and last row
study question 11

What type of compound is this?
H H
H C
C C
H H H
O