What does a diamond, pencil, and
a piece of coal have in common?
WHY IS CARBON SO IMPORTANT?
Carbon has 4 outer electrons, all used for bonding
HONC FOR BONDING!
Element
Number of Outer
Electrons
Hydrogen
1
Number of
Covalent Bonds It
Can Make
1
Oxygen
6
2
Nitrogen
5
3
Carbon
4
4
WHY ARE ALL THESE BONDS IMPORTANT?
Carbon can bond with all of these atoms, including itself
These bonds between Carbon and other atoms create long chains and
complex structures
These structures can then form even more complex structures to
compose the major molecules of life called macromolecules.
WHAT MAKES CARBON SO SPECIAL?
Remember CHOPNS
1. Carbon can bond with ALL of those atoms, including itself!
2.Can make single, double AND triple bonds
Single
bond
Double bond
Triple bond
WHAT MAKES CARBON SPECIAL?
4 single bonds = tetrahedral shape
moleculargeometry.cybermediasystem.net
……are these ionic or covalent bonds?
3. Straight chains and rings
CARBON COMPOUNDS ARE “ORGANIC”
In Chemistry, the term “organic” refers to compounds that
contain Carbon.
Example: C6H12O6
C12H24O12
Any compound that
as “inorganic”
does not contain Carbon is known
Example: KCl, NaBr
The exception is CO2
ARE THE FOLLOWING COMPOUNDS
ORGANIC OR INORGANIC?
ARE THE FOLLOWING COMPOUNDS
ORGANIC OR INORGANIC?
ARE THE FOLLOWING COMPOUNDS
ORGANIC OR INORGANIC?
In our bodies, these complex organic compounds
make up macromolecules
Macromolecules are formed through the
connecting of “monomers” to create long chains
called “polymers”
Monomer: smallest unit that makes up a polymer.
Ex: glucose
Polymer: large molecules that are made up of monomers.
Ex: starch
Think about a train!
Each car is a monomer and the whole train is a polymer.
MONOMERS: THE “LINKS” IN THE
POLYMER “CHAIN”
LET’S SUM UP!
Carbon can bond to itself.
Carbon will bond with many other elements and form strong covalent
bonds.
Carbon can form straight chains, branches or rings.
Carbon can form single, double or triple bonds.
CLOSURE
Explain 3 things you learned about
Carbon today and give examples.
(to be handed in)