Mechanical Engineering and
History of Mashine Tools
History of lathe
Mechanical Engineering
Mechanical
Engineering is heavy
industry, which
produces all kinds of
machinery, tools,
appliances,
consumer goods and
defense products.
Branches of engineering in groups
Mechanical engineering is divided into two
groups&: labor-intensive and metal
Branches
of engineering
General Engineering
Heavy engineering
Medium Machine Building
Heavy engineering
*Conveying machinery
*Railway engineering
*Shipbuilding
*Aerospace Industry
*The space industry
*Power plant
*The production of technological equipment
*Agricultural Machinery Industry
Medium Machine Building
* Automotive
* Tractor
* Machine tools
*Robotics
* Tool-making industry
* Equipment for light industry
* Food industry equipment
*Industry of household appliances and cars
Precision engineering
* Instrument
* Radio Engineering and Electronics Industry
* Electrical Industry
Machine-tool world
World production of machine
tools made at the end of
1990 more than 1.2 million
units. Once being the
world machine tool
industry, Ukraine has
practically lost the
industry. Currently, the
production machine tool
products distinguished:
1) Japan (200 thousand pcs.)
2) China (150 thousand
units.)
History of lathe
In the middle of the XVI Jacques Besson
(who died in 1569) invented a lathe for
slicing the cylindrical and conical screws.
Andrei Konstantinovich Nartov (1693-1756)
At the beginning of XVIII century, Andrei
Konstantinovich Nartov (1693-1756)
invented the original screw-cutting lathe
and copier with mechanized carriage and a
set of replacement gears. To untruly
understand the global significance of these
inventions, will return to the evolution of
lathe.
XVIII century
At the beginning of the XVIII century lathes
are increasingly used for cutting metal, not
wood, and therefore the problem of hard
attaching the cutter and move it along
machined surface of the table is very
important. And now for the first time the
problem self-propelled carriage was
successfully accomplished in Mortisers A.K
Nartova
A.K Nartov
The second half of the XVIII century the
machine tool industry was marked by a sharp
increase the scope of machine tools and a
satisfactory scheme universal lathe that
could be used in various purposes.
1718-1729
A. Nartov not only solved
the problem of
mechanization of this
operation, but in the
years 1718-1729 he
perfected the scheme of
the photocopier finger
and brought into the
caliper movement of a
spindle, but with a
different step by cutting
the bit and under copier.
1751
In 1751 M. Vokanson France
built the machine, which
according to its Technical
data is like a universal. It
was made of metal, had a
strong stand, two metal
centers, two V-shaped
guides form, copper slide,
providing mechanized
movement tool in the
longitudinal and transverse
directions.
French engineer Hay
In 1795, French engineer Hay produced a
specialized lathe machine for cutting
screws. Designer provided a removable
gear, large lead screw, a simple
mechanized support.
Created a screw-cutting lathe with a
mechanized carriage (1797), mechanized
production of screws, nuts, etc. The early
years were spent in Woolwich near London.
Mawdsley Henry (1771-1831)
► English
engineer and
industrialist
Mr. Mawdsley
In 1800, Mr. Mawdsley
perfected this machine
and then created a
third version contained
all the elements that
have screw-cutting
lathes today.
In 1835, the D. Whitworth invented the
automatic feeding in the transverse
direction which was associated with the
mechanism of the longitudinal feed. This
was completed fundamental improvement of
the turning equipment
nineteenth century
In the second half of the nineteenth century.
quality of American machinery was already
high. Machines produced in series, and
enter the full interchangeability of parts
and units produced by one firm. In case of
breakage parts was enough to write with a
similar plant, and replace broken detail on
the whole, without any adjustment.
XIX century
In the second half of the
nineteenth century
elements to ensure
complete mechanization block ADF in both
coordinates, perfect
system of fixing the tool
and parts were
introduced.
S. Fitch
S. Fitch in 1845 designed and
built a turret lathe eight
cutting tools in the turret.
Speed of change tools
dramatically increased the
productivity of the
machine in the
manufacture of serial
production. It was a big
step toward the creation of
automatic machines.
Chr. Spencer
The first universal
lathe machine
invented in 1873 by
Chr. Spencer.
Since the beginning of the XIX century began
a gradual revolution in mechanical
engineering. In place old lathe, one after
another come to new high automatic
machines equipped with calipers. The
beginning of this revolution put lathe cutting
lathe English mechanics Henry Maudsley,
which allowed automatically grind the
screws and bolts from any thread.