Your Name ______________________________
Period ______________
Unit 1 – Africa
Lesson 7 – Modern Problems

• Poverty
• Civil War & Civil Strife
• Poor Education
• Bad Governments
• Disease

• Africa is the “poorest” place on earth
• Of the top ten poorest countries in 2014,
Africa has all 10
– Congo ($350 avg. income)
– Zimbabwe (natural resources)
– Liberia ($49 avg. income)

• Causes:
– Civil War
• Disrupts commerce
• People stop working
• No foreign company wants to invest
– Poor Governments
– Poor education
– Can’t afford strong health care

• Most people: Subsistence farmers
• Can’t afford to pay for school
• Can’t afford to lose family member farm hand
You eat what you farm

Civil War and Civil Strife
• Endemic Wars
• Tribes stuck together who hate each other
• “Democracy” means the majority get everything
• Examples:
– Rwanda (Hutu vs. Tutsi)
– Sudan (Africans vs. Middle Easterners)
– South Africa (native black vs. invader white)
– Uganda (Child Soldiers of Joseph Kony)

• Modern weapons
• Child Soldiers
• War Lords
• Refugees

Poor Education
• 128 million school-aged children
• 17 million will never attend school
• 37 million will learn so little while in they are in school that they will not be much better off than those kids who never attend school.
• (that means about HALF will never get any education)

Disease &Related Issues
• Pneumonia #1 killer
– 800,000/year
• AIDS (on the decline)
• Malaria
– 1.2 million
– 90% of all cases in Africa
• Diarrhea (dehydration)
• Tuberculosis
– 30% of the world has it
– Only effects you when immune system is down
Biggest killer: dirty water
• Most problems solvable with
$5-10 of preventative or cure

• Most nations won independence in
1960s

• Most nations won independence in
1960s
• Needed loans
• Defaulted on loans by 1970s
• Economies collapsed
Robert Mugabe
• War Lords and Greedy dictators took over
• Today: 13,000,000 struggling to survive in
“Horn of Africa”

Robert Mugabe
• Today: 13,000,000 struggling to survive in
“Horn of Africa”
– Have had a drought for years. This year: flooding

• 100 years ago – the worst racism in the world
• Official government policy:
– APARTHEID (“apartness”)
– Legally separated blacks and whites
– Some laws only applied to blacks
– Blacks forced into the bottom class

• 10% White
• 90% Black
• Whites had the best land
• Whites used blacks to do the “dirty work”
Blacks had to register where they worked and lived in a passbook
Passbook
Required by South African blacks
… but not by South African whites

• Separate schools
• Separate public places
• Separate neighborhoods
House of a white citizen
Neighborhood for blacks

• Official racial segregation
ONLY in South Africa
• Official government policy by National Party from 1948 to 1994

• popular uprisings and protests
• United Nations protested in 1960
• Americans boycotted
South African products
• Apartheid seen as antiquated as the dinosaurs

• Nelson Mandela led the movement
• Thrown in jail
• Remained there for 25 yrs.
• Represented the fight

• South African business going broke
– 1992 President de Klerk released Mandela from prison
– Suggested equality of vote
• 1994- Mixed racial elections
– Won by African National Congress
– Nelson Mandela
• Apartheid officially ended

• ranked as an “upper-middle” income economy by the World Bank
• considered to be a “newly industrialized country
• Its economy is now the second largest in Africa
– 28th-largest in the world