Komunikasi dalam
Pendidikan
For your reflection!
 The key to success is your ability to effectively
communicate
 In the information age, we need more than good
ideas to get ahead. Just as important is the ability
to quickly and persuasively communicate those
ideas clearly, concisely with self-confidence
 Skills needed related to communication in job
advertisement:
Proficient in both written and spoken English
Good in PR and communication skills
 Social psychologists estimation – There is usually a 40 –
60% loss of meaning in the transmission of messages from
sender to receiver
 People in organizations typically spend over 75% of their
time in an interpersonal situation
 Effective communication is an essential component of
organizational success
Good interpersonal skills, diplomacy, sense of negotiation
and authority over personnel
Conversant in English, BM and Mandarin
National Communication Association (NCA)
Research and instruction in the discipline focus
on the study of how messages in various media
are produced, used, and interpreted within and
across different contexts, channels, and cultures.
Definitions
 Communication is the process of people sharing thoughts,
ideas and feelings with each other in commonly
understandable way (Hamilton)
 Communication is much more than just the exchange of
words: All behavior convey some message and is,
therefore, a form of communication (Johnson)
 One-way communication:
Communication in which information is always
transferred in only one preassigned direction
 Effective communication
 Effective communication exists between two
persons when the receiver interprets the sender’s
message in the same way the sender intended it
Communication Model
 Model S-M-C-R
 Source (sumber)
 Mesej (message)
 Channel/medium (saluran)
 Receiver (penerima)
Five Theoretical Approaches to
Organizational Communication
 Mechanistic approach
Organizations are machines
 Human resource approach
Organizations are made up of creative individuals
 General system approach
Organization is an organic system
 Political approach
Organization is the site of struggle
 Cultural approach
Organization is a culture onto itself
Teori Organisasi dan Komunikasi
 Teori Klasik
Komunikasi diwujudkan untuk memudahkan
arahan dan kawalan dalam organisasi melalui
saluran menegak (vertical) dan formal
Komunikasi bersifat sehala, atas ke bawah dan
berkaitan dengan tugas (task related)
Messages move up the hierarchy through a series
of whispers, but down the hierarchy through a
series of loudspeakers
 Teori Sistem Sosial
 Komunikasi didesak oleh Kajian Hawthorne
 Communication can be be defined as the exchange
of meaning
 ‘exchange of meaning’ dalam konteks ini
mengambil kira aspek sosio-psikologi penerima
dan penghantar
 The meaning of the words are not in the words;
they are in us
 Teori Sistem Terbuka
 Komunikasi merupakan pertukaran mesej dan
makna (meaning) antara sesebuah organisasi dan
persekitarannya, dan juga antara rangkaian
subsistem yang saling bergantung
Sifat-sifat komunikasi Menegak
 Maklumat yang disiarkan dari atas ke bawah lebih
merupakan surat-surat perkeliling, panduan
program, polisi kementerian, panduan untuk
pentadbiran dan sebagainya
 Maklumat dari bawah ke atas pula merupakan
laporan, maklumat penyeliaan, permohonan untuk
mendapatkan sumber pendidikan dan sebagainya
Sifat-sifat Komunikasi Mendatar
 Komunikasi akan kurang terdedah kepada
perubahan apabila berlaku dalam kumpulan sama
jenis (homogeneous)
 Tiga jenis perubahan yang sering berlaku:
Levelling
Sharpening
Assimilation
Communication Styles
 Sensors
Pragmatic
Direct
Tend to command
 Feeler
Sensitive to other’s needs
More concern with the process of interaction
rather than the content of it
Rely on personality rather than data
 Thinkers
Make decisions after considering all the
alternatives
Overly cautious and conservative
 Intuitor
Imaginative and sometimes hard to understand
Never close to issue, leave things unsolved
Too abstract
Different Communicating
Styles Between Men and Women
 Men talk about things (business, food and sports)
Women talk about people rather than things
 Men convey facts ant not details
Women convey feelings and details
 Men compete
Women cooperate
Obstacles to Communication
 Selective listening
 Frame of reference
 Source of credibility
 Semantics
 Value judgment
 Technical jargon
 Time pressures
 Communication overload
 Organization size
 Officialese
 Age/experience differential
 Fear of asking something that might sound foolish
 Not wanting to admit not knowing something
 Hyperactive mind
 Grapevine
Every organization has an informal
communications network, or "grapevine," that
operates in addition to the official channels
Communication skills
 Listening skills
 Ability to get the message across
 Emotional management in the communication process
 Assertive communication
 Aware of communication barriers
 Judge the content and not the messenger
 Paraphrase when necessary
 Respond in an interested way
 Own up: Use “I” and not “They”
Example of Paraphrasing
 Student: I don't like this school as much as my old one. People are
not very nice."
Counselor: You are unhappy at this school?
Student: Yeah. I haven't made any good friends. No one includes
me.
Counselor: You feel left out here?
Student: Yeah. I wish I knew more people.
Kemahiran mendengar
 Training yourself to listen more
effectively could potentially be the most
important skill you acquire in building a
successful career for yourself.
 Berhenti bercakap
 Biar orang yang bercakap berasa selesa
 Tunjukkan yang kita mahu mendengar
 Elakkan gangguan
 Mendengar dengan empathy
 Sabar/kawal perasaan
Listen to whatever is being said without getting
too emotional or losing your temper
 Bertanya
Non-verbal Communication
 Research suggests that nonverbal communication
is more important in understanding human
behavior than words alone--the nonverbal
"channels" seem to be more powerful than what
people say.
 We lift eyebrow for disbelief. We rub our noses
for puzzlement … (Julius Fast)
 Non-verbal communication includes:
Facial expressions (mimik muka)
Tones of voice (tona suara)
 Gestures (pergerakan badan)
 Eye contact
 Spatial arrangements (susunan ruang)
 Patterns of touch/tactile (corak sentuhan)
 Cultural differences (perbezaan budaya)
 Most of us spending 75% or our waking hours
communicating our knowledge, thoughts, and
ideas to others. However, most of us fail to realize
that a great deal of our communication is of a nonverbal form as opposed to the oral and written
forms.
The Roles of Non-Verbal
Communicaiton
 Repetition
 Contradiction
 Substitution
 Complementing
 Accenting
For Your Thoughts!
 If you want to be happy, count the things that you have but
money can’t buy!