Unit F: Muscular System
Analyze the anatomy and physiology of the muscles.
Specific Objectives:
Explain the structure of the muscles.
Analyze the function of the muscular system.
Discuss characteristics and treatment of
common muscle disorders.
Bell……
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List the functions of the muscular
system, chapter starts on page 123
(do not eat your candy)
Describe the structure of the muscles
“the power system”
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A.Muscles
1.Nearly half our
weight comes from
muscle tissue
2.There are 650
different muscles in the
human body
3.Muscles give
shape and form
4.Muscles produce
body heat
THREE MAIN FUNCTIONS
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Responsible for all body movement.
Responsible for body form and shape
(posture)
Responsible for body heat and maintaining
body temperature.
Bell
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What are the 3 types of muscles?
What is the difference in voluntary and
involuntary muscles?
Three types of muscle
Types of muscle tissue
Skeletal
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Skeletal Muscle
Attached to bone
Striated (striped)
appearance
VOLUNTARY
Multinucleated muscle
cell bundles (muscle cells
= muscle fibers)
SARCOLEMMA = cell
membrane
Contract quickly, fatigue
easily, can’t maintain
contraction for long
period of time
Types of muscle tissue.
Smooth
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Smooth Muscle
Visceral (organ) muscle
Found in walls of
digestive system, uterus
and blood vessels
Cells small and spindleshaped
INVOLUNTARY
Controlled by autonomic
nervous system
Act slowly, do not tire
easily, can remain
contracted for long time
Structures of the muscular system
Types of Muscle
Sphincter muscles
Also called dilator muscles
Special, circular muscles
Located in the
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digestive system
urinary system
1.04 Remember the structures of
the muscular system
10
Structures of the muscular
system
Types of muscle
Skeletal
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Smooth
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Cardiac
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Sphincter
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1.04 Remember the structures of
the muscular system
11
Structures of the muscular
system
Types of Connective tissue
 Tendons
 Fascia
1.04 Remember the structures of
the muscular system
12
Structures of the muscular
system
Connective tissue
 Tendons
dense bands that connect skeletal muscle
to the bone
1.04 Remember the structures of
the muscular system
13
Structures of the muscular
system
Connective tissue
 Fascia
Fibrous connective
tissue sheets that
wrap around muscle
bundles
1.04 Remember the structures of
the muscular system
14
CHARACTERISTICS OF
MUSCLES
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CONTRACTIBILITY – the ability of a muscle to
reduce the distance between the parts of its
contents or the space it surrounds.
EXCITEABILITY (IRRITABILITY) – the ability
to respond to certain stimuli by producing
impulses.
http://www.getbodysmart.com/ap/muscletiss
ue/contraction/coupling/animation.html
EXTENSIBILITY – the ability to be stretched.
ELASTICITY – ability of muscle to return to its
original length when relaxing.
Bell…
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Create a quiz
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For penia-uria (is that right?)
Include all
Be creative
The most creative and with a KEY..WINS
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Muscles move bones by pulling on them.
As a muscle contracts, it pulls the insertion bone closer to the origin bone.
Movement occurs at the joint between the origin and the insertion.
Rule: A muscle’s insertion bone moves toward its origin bone.
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Groups of muscles usually contract to
produce a single movement.
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MOTOR UNIT – a motor neuron plus all the muscle fibers it stimulates.
NEUROMUSCULAR JUNCTION – the junction between the motor neuron’s fiber
which transmits the impulse – and the muscle cell membrane.
ACETYLCHOLINE – chemical neurotransmitter, diffuses across the synaptic cleft
(carries impulse across synaptic cleft)
http://www.getbodysmart.com
/ap/muscletissue/contraction/actionpotentials/animation.htmlhttp://www.get
bodysmart.com/ap/muscletissue/contraction/actionpotentials/animation.html
http://www.yucky.com/noflash/body/pg000123.html
Characteristics of Muscles
Contractibility
Excitability
Extensibility
Elasticity
1.05 Understand the functions and
disorders of the muscular system
18
Characteristics of Muscles
Contractibility
1.05 Understand the functions and
disorders of the muscular system
19
Characteristics of Muscles
Contractibility
Myoneural stimulation
+
contraction of muscle proteins
=
movement and heat
1.05 Understand the functions and
disorders of the muscular system
20
Characteristics of Muscles
Contractibility
Neurotransmitter at site
of muscle stimulus.
The sodium-potassium
pump of the membrane
of a muscle cell.
The purpose of this slide is to
illustrate the complexity of the
process of movement.
1.05 Understand the functions and
disorders of the muscular system
21
Characteristics of Muscles
Excitability
1.05 Understand the functions and
disorders of the muscular system
22
Characteristics of Muscles
Extensibility
1.05 Understand the functions and
disorders of the muscular system
23
Characteristics of Muscles
Elasticity
1.05 Understand the functions and
disorders of the muscular system
24
Characteristics of Muscles
Elasticity
1.05 Understand the functions and
disorders of the muscular system
25
Tendons attach muscle to
bone. Ligaments join bone to
bone
How do skeletal muscles get
their names?
• Location of origin and
insertion
• Location
• Size
• Action flexor
• Direction
• Extensor
• Number of origins
• Depressor
• However,
• not all muscles are named by the above methods!
1.04 Remember the structures of
the muscular system
27
MYOLOGY
The study of MUSCLE
Origin and Insertion and Action along with Nerve supply
NAMING THE SKELETAL MUSCLES
1. Based on shape
Deltoid
Trapezius
Rhomboidius
2. Based on structure or form
Semitendonosus
Semimembranosus
Serratus Anterior
3. Based on location
Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus
Anterior Tibialis
4. Based on attachments
Brachioradialis (brachium =
humerus)
Sternocleidomastoid (cleido =
clavicle)
5. Based on number of
attachments or heads
Biceps
Triceps
Quadriceps
NAMING THE SKELETAL MUSCLES
6. Based on direction of muscle
fibers
7. Based on function
oblique
abductors
transverse
rectus
adductors
extensors
flexors
8. Based on combination of the
above
rectus abdominus
straight muscle of the abdominal region
extensor carpi radialis longus
long muscle of the forearm which
extends the wrist
Muscles named for their
direction
Bell..
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List 5 ways that muscles are named
(myology)
ways that muscles are named (myology)
1. Based on shape
2. Based on structure or form
3. Based on location
4. Based on attachments
5. Based on number of attachments or heads
6. Based on direction of muscle fibers
7. Based on function
8.Based on combination of the above
Muscles of Head and Neck
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Use text pg 132. Label head and neck
Factoids
You have over 30 facial muscles which create looks
like surprise, happiness, sadness, and frowning.
Eye muscles are the busiest muscles in the body.
Scientists estimate they may move more than
100,000 times a day!
Create Flash cards, muscle one side/function on the other
Answer I.
Feel free to masticate your candy! Feel your face as you
masticate, what muscle did you feel move?
Major cervical muscles
Anterior and posterior
cervical triangles.
Bell…
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Complete the “Who Am I” below the
head you labeled on Friday
Upper Extremity
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Label J
Complete Grid below it.
Make flash cards
(text 133)
Bell…
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Read section on page 126-127 about
Contraction of a Skeletal muscle.
List in order sequence of actions that must
occur for a muscle to contract. Starts with:
1) Impulse
2)
3)
4)
5)
Sequence is as follows….
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1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
Impulse
Axon
Acetylcholine
Synaptic cleft
Sarcolemma
A fun example to help students visualize the ETC!
This is an example that can help students grasp the concept of how the electrons
being dropped down the cristae in steps releases energy that is used to regenerate
ADP into ATP. (Feel free to add more detail about H pumps or other details for your
curriculum.)
Most students are familiar with the snowboarders and the half pipe or even the
Bobsled competitions. We are going to use these to help students to visualize
electrons sliding down the cristae and regenerating ADP back into ATP.
Half pipe: The half pipe looks much like cristae as it is carved down into the snow and
the cristae is weaved through the mitochondria. The chair lift is the NADH or FADH2
being ‘pumped’ up the gradient where it will release the ‘electron’ (the snowboarder).
(Point out to students how the NADH is only carrying one snowboarder and the
FADH2 has two.)
As the
As the snowboarder glides down from one side of the half pipe to the other, popping up
and doing tricks, have students imagine that this is the electron, dropping down the crista
and ‘popping’ energy (NRG). This energy is used to add another high energy P onto ADP,
creating ATP.
Even though snowboarders ‘pop out’ about five tricks as they go down the half pipe, NADH
can only ‘pop out’ 3 ATP’s as it travels down the cristae (FADH2 only 2 ATP’s).
At the bottom of the half pipe is screaming fans, family, and friends. They are all ready to
grab up their snowboarder and celebrate! At the bottom of the cristae’s gradient, is Oxyge
and H+, excited to receive the electron and make water!!!
The bobsled can be used also as the example that NADH is like the men’s start, which is
higher up on the track and the FADH2 is compared to the women’s start. Because the
women’s start is lower on the track, it doesn’t produce as much speed or energy…just like
the FADH2.
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What is missing?
Upper extremities
Label J and
answer
questions/grid
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Muscles of the Trunk
Muscles of the Trunk
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Label K
Make Flash Cards
(text 134)
Lower extremities
Lower extremities
Muscles of the lower
Extremities
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Label M
Make flash cards
(text 135)
The largest muscle in the body is the
gluteus maximus muscle in the
buttocks.
Bell
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1) Type of muscle that moves without
conscious effort_____
2) Type of muscle that moves internal
organs______
3) Where a muscle attaches to a bone that
does not move when the muscle
contracts_______
4) Tissue that attaches muscle to bone_____
5) Circular band of fibers that constricts a
natural body opening______
Labeling…
Need pix anterior
Bell
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Write a story about your favorite hobby or
sports activity using 10-15 terms from the
Muscle System terminology list. You should
NOT tell what the activity is, but write a short
descriptive story (at least 1/2 page) that
describes the muscles as you do your activity.
Be prepared to read the stories in class, and
see if classmates can guess your hobby!
Bell
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The remainder…Get out your “hobby”
stories..
Complete (from packet) 6:5
Complete muscle matching
Remainder of class
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Look at these Websites (only)
http://www.teachpe.com/cloze/label_the_muscle.htm
http://highered.mcgrawhill.com/sites/0072919329/student_view0/animations
.html...animation good for planes, direction. All
systems
http://homepage.smc.edu/wissmann_paul/muscleflas
hcards/
http://www.human-body-facts.com/human-bodymuscle-diagram.html
Write your Hobby story
Label your muscle man/lady
BELL
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Considering that 50% of our body
weight comes from muscle…
Complete the worksheet, Muscle Math
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Antagonistic muscle pair of the upper arm in action.
During extension of the elbow (shown at left), the
triceps is contracted and the biceps is relaxed. During
flexion of the elbow (shown at right), the triceps is
relaxed and the biceps is contracted.
MUSCLE CONTRACTIONS
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Muscle Tone
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In order to function,
muscles should always be
slightly contracted and
ready to pull.
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Muscle contractions may be
isotonic or
isometric.
 ISOTONIC
CONTRACTION
When muscles contract
and shorten. (Walk,
talk, etc.)
 ISOMETRIC
CONTRACTION
When the tension in a
muscle increases but
the muscle does not
shorten. (exercises
such as tensing the
abdominal muscles.)
MOVEMENT
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1.
Muscles move
bones by pulling on
them.
As a muscle
contracts, it pulls the
insertion bone closer
to the origin bone.
Movement occurs at
the joint between the
origin and the
insertion.
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2. Groups of
muscles usually
contract to
produce a single
movement.
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3. When the
antagonist muscles
contract, they
produce a movement
opposite to that of the
prime movers.
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MUSCLE FATIGUE –
caused by the
accumulation of lactic
acid in the muscles.
OXYGEN DEBT – after
exercise, the amount of
oxygen needed by the
muscle to change lactic
acid back to glucose.
MUSCLE TONE - When
muscles are slightly
contracted and ready to
pull.
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During muscular exercise,
blood vessels in muscles
dilate and blood flow is
increased in order to
increase the available
oxygen supply. Up to a point,
the available oxygen is
sufficient to meet the energy
needs of the body. But,
when muscular exertion is
very great, oxygen cannot be
supplied to muscle fibers fast
enough, and the aerobic
breakdown of pyruvic acid
cannot produce all the ATP
required for further muscle
contraction.
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Dome-shaped
muscle that
separates the
abdominal and
thoracic cavities,
aids in breathing
Diaphragm rises when
you breathe out.
Diaphragm flattens when
you breathe in.
Simon Says….
The Muscular System
“The Power System”
You may use your textbook if you need a reference for the
muscles.
1. Abduct fingers.
12. Extend foot.
2. Flex right forearm
13. Flex pectoralis major.
3. Adduct arm
14. Contract gastrocnemius.
4. Flex leg.
15. Contract tibialis anterior.
5. Extend leg.
16 Extend quadriceps.
6. Flex fingers
17. Flex biceps.
7. Contract diaphragm.
18 .Contract abdominal muscles
8. Contract diaphragm.
19. Flex and rotate sartorius.
9. Contract masseter.
20. Extend/contract gluteal
maximus.
10.
Flex masseter.
21. Extend trapezius.
11.
Flex foot.
22. Contract/abduct
deltoid.
Bell/payday…
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Complete text 142- 1-10
Text pages Apply Practice to
Theory:143 1-6
Muscle Math
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Complete Muscle Math
(if there is a survey on your
desk…please complete and give to
Kasey….)
Muscular Disease Activity
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Read independently about topic Number One. Be prepared to
share. (1, 3, 4, 7, and 8)
You will partner with someone next to you one shares…join
another group the one that did not share, must tell the new
members what was shared=2 people will share. You will have
45 seconds per share time!
1) ATROPHY-138
2) HYPERTROPHY
3) STRAIN-138
4) MYALGIA –138
5) TENDONITIS –
6) Foot Drop7) Fibromyalgia-138
8) Muscular Dystrophy-139
http://www.online-stopwatch.com/
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ATROPHY – wasting away
of muscle due to lack of use.
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HYPERTROPHY – an increase
in the size of the muscle cell.
Using NC careers book
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Choose one career from the Therapy
section
Describe:
Work Environment
Academic requirements
Area of Specialty
**O.T.video segment**
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STRAIN – tear in the muscle resulting from excessive
use. Bleeding inside the muscle can result in pain and
swelling. Ice packs will help stop bleeding and reduce
swelling.
R-rest
I-Ice
C-Compression
E-Elevate
MUSCLE SPASM (cramp) – sustained contraction of the
muscle, usually because of overuse.
MYALGIA – muscle pain
TENDONITIS – inflammation of a tendon
Foot Drop- a common Contracture.
Fibromyalgia- chronic , widespread pain in specific muscles
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Text 132- 133 “Theory” 1-6
Web Review Answer Key
Muscular Dystrophy
How many types of Muscular Dystrophy are there? 9
Which type is also known as Pseudohypertrophic MD? Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy
What causes congenital muscular dystrophy? genetic
What are some recent research developments that have occurred as a result MDA
contributions? Answer varies
What is the national magazine for MDA? Quest
What MDA clinic is nearest to your home? Answer varies
What type of Muscular Dystrophy occurs usually in adults over age 40? Distal Muscular
Dystrophy
What symptom do all types of Muscular Dystrophy have in common? Muscle weakness
Marilla is 19 years old and is diagnosed with a type of Muscular Dystrophy that causes
weakness in her shoulders and hips. Her physician assures her that she will likely live long enough
to join the AARP. Is that possible? If so, what type of MD does she have? Yes – Limb-Girdle MD
Carlotta is a 21 year old college student who has been diagnosed with Becker Muscular
Dystrophy. What health professional can be helpful in helping her stay in school and meet the
demands of her college schedule? Occupational Therapist
True or False? Muscular Dystrophy is incurable? True
True or False? Muscular Dystrophy is untreatable? False
What are the goals of rehabilitation for someone with Muscular Dystrophy?
The goals of rehabilitation in patients with neuromuscular disease (NMD) are to maximize and
prolong independent function and locomotion, inhibit physical deformity, and provide access to full
integration into society
Bell
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Make sure you have answered all of the
Muscular Dystrophy Questions
Text pages 142 1-10
bell…
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From textbook complete page 142 compare
and contrastClean and bring up your write on muscle man
Make sure your name is on your packet and
turn it in after completing compare and
contrast!
Take apart your arm…turn in the gold brads