Welcome back to Latin 101
1. Pronunciation
2. Some history
3. Latin mottos
1. Pronunciation
 Vowels, diphthongs, consonants
arma
virum
canō
Trōiae
quī
prīmus
ab
ōrīs
fātō
vēnit
multum
iūs
nascor
ille
et
terrīs
altō
vī
saevae
ob
īram
quoque
bellō
passus
lēx
vērō
dum
urbem
deōs
genus
unde
patrēs
atque
altae
Rōmae
Mūsa
mihi
spissō
inde
causās
quō
laesō
quidve
dolens
deum
tot
cāsūs
tantae
īrae
urbs
nātiō
hīs
1. Pronunciation (cont.)
 Word accent (for words of three syllables or more):
Rule: Accent the penult, unless the penult is short (in which
case, accent the antepenult).
Long penult
Short penult
You decide:
iactātus
Latīnum
rēgīna
labōrō
tantaene
Albānīque
insignem
dēmonstrō
Ītaliam
profugus
lītora
superum
volvere
caelestibus
timeō
memorem
Iunōnis
conderet
moenia
labōrēs
animīs
dēbeō
spectantī
inferretque
itaque
1. Pronunciation (cont.)
Try this:
 Virgil, Aeneid 1.1–11
Arma virumque canō, Trōiae quī prīmus ab ōrīs
Ītaliam, fātō profugus, Laviniaque vēnit
lītora, multum ille et terrīs iactātus et altō
vī superum saevae memorem Iunōnis ob īram;
multa quoque et bellō passus, dum conderet urbem, …
1. Pronunciation (cont.)
Try this (cont.):
 Virgil, Aeneid 1.1–11 (cont.)
inferretque deōs Latiō, genus unde Latīnum,
Albānīque patrēs, atque altae moenia Rōmae.
Mūsa,
mihi
quidve
insignem
causās
dolens,
memorā,
rēgīna
pietāte
deum
virum,
quō
nūmine
laesō,
tot
volvere
cāsūs
tot
adīre
impulerit. Tantaene animīs caelestibus īrae?
labōrēs
1. Pronunciation
Take dictation:
(From p. 41 of Introduction to Latin)
1. Pronunciation
Follow-up:
 Compare some different approaches to pronunciation of
Virgil, Aeneid 1.1–11:
http://www.fas.harvard.edu/~classics/poetry_and_prose/Aenei
d.1.intro.html
http://www.rhapsodes.fll.vt.edu/Aeneid1/aeneid1.htm
http://www.poetaexmachina.net/
2. Some history
Latin and English as IndoEuropean siblings
2. Some history
Latin and English as IndoEuropean siblings
PROTOINDOEUROPEAN:
*w(e/o)in-o
ITALIC
HELLENIC
LATIN: vīnum
GREEK: (w)oinos
GERMANIC
GERMAN: wein
ENGLISH: wine
2. Some history
Latin’s historical influence on English
FRENCH: vigne
ENGLISH:
vine
ENGLISH:
viticulture
ENGLISH:
oinophile
2. Some
history
Latin: one of
several
ancient
“Italic”
languages
From Philip Baldi, Foundations of Latin
2. Some history
Borrowings from Greek into Latin
φιλοσοφͅία
philosophia
θέρμαι
thermae
χορός
chorus
γραμματικός
grammaticus
γῦρος
gyrus
μουσεῖον
museum
στάδιον
stadium
Calques:
σύν-θεσις
com-positio
οὐσία
essentia
2. Some
history
A writing
system
adapted
from the
Greek
2. Some history
Latin: the language of the Romans
A fragment from the Annales of Ennius (early 2nd c. BCE):
mōribus antīquīs rēs stat Rōmāna virisque
The Roman republic is founded on ancient customs and on men
2. Some history
Building a national language
Cicero, De oratore 1.144:
ut pūrē et Latīnē loquāmur
that we may speak purely and Latinly
Cicero, Tusculanae disputationes 1.1
Why have I decided to set forth (Greek) philosophy in Latin writing
(litterīs Latīnīs)? Not because philosophy could not be comprehended in
Greek writing and with Greek instructors, but rather because I have
always believed that our ancestors either invented things on their own
more wisely than the Greeks or improved the things they received from
them (anything, that is, they deemed worth the effort).
2. Some history
A language of empire
2. Some history
Schematic timeline of Roman history
and Latin authors
http://prezi.com/lg2ryxvudqzw/timeline-of-latin-authorsand-roman-history/
3. Latin mottos
Choose any three to memorize
1. mōribus antīquīs rēs stat
Rōmāna virīsque (Ennius)
The Roman republic is founded on
ancient customs and on men
2. ōrātor est, Marce fīlī, vir bonus
dīcendī perītus (Cato the Censor)
An orator, son Marcus, is a good
man skilled at speaking.
3. Rem tenē, verba sequentur (Cato
the Censor)
Hold on to the topic: the words will
follow.
4. felix qui potuit rērum cognoscere
causās (Virgil)
Lucky (is he) who could learn the
causes of things.
5. Graecia capta ferum victōrem
cēpit (Horace)
Captured Greece captured her fierce
conqueror.
6. parcere subiectīs et debellāre
superbōs (Virgil)
To spare the submissive and crush the
proud.
3. Latin mottos
A mix-n-match toolkit to make your
own three-word motto
NB1—Be ready to dictate your motto to us at the next class-meeting!
NB2—Standard word-order is subject-object-verb, but you can vary this order if you think it sounds better.
SUBJECTS
OBJECTS
VERBS
sapientia (wisdom)
fāma (reputation)
vir (a man)
fortūna (fortune)
amīcus (a friend)
bellum (war)
cōnsilium (stragegy)
dōnum (a gift)
nātūra (nature)
sol (the sun)
mare (the sea)
speciēs (appearance)
diēs (day/time)
sapientiam
fāmam
virum
fortūnam
amīcum
bellum
cōnsilium
dōnum
nātūram
sōlem
mare
speciem
diem
monstrat (shows)
amat (loves)
docet (teaches)
iuvat (helps)
optat (chooses)
superat (conquers)
aedificat (builds)
terret (scares)
portat (brings)
dat (gives)
ōdit (hates)
probat (proves)
interficit (kills)