Development of
Renewable Energy in
Russia
Some problems of extraction,
transport and use
Lectured by:
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Znamenskaya Irina.
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Professor of Physics and Mathematics.
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Doctor of science.
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Moscow State Lomonosov University
Department of Physics.
Znamenskaya Irina.
Scientific biography
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1976 grad. from Moscow State Lomonosov University Department of
Physics.
1976 -1980 Postgraduate study MSU.
1980 – Ph.D MSU Department of Physics.
1981-1985 Kurchatov Institute of Nuclear Energy.
1985-2001 Moscow State Aviation University.
2000 Doctor's degree in MSU (in Mechanics of fluids and plasma)
2001 Professor
2001- 2008 Moscow State Lomonosov University, Department of
Physics, Chair of molecular physics. Head of Lab of plasma-gas
dynamics.
Scientific and teaching areas: supersonic flows; gas plasma flows
visualization; gas discharges; natural sciences conceptions.
Moscow State Lomonosov
University
http://www.msu.ru
Moscow State Lomonosov
University
Established in 1755.
Lomonosov Mikhail
Moscow State Lomonosov
University http://www.msu.ru/
40 000 undergraduates
2 000 international students and postgraduates
The University campus in Moscow
covers 205.7 hectares.
Moscow State Lomonosov University
Department of Physics
2,480 students
Over 100 full professors
MSU Professors
The Nobel Prize in Physics
1958
1962
1964
1978
2003
What is
Renewable Energy Sources?
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RES definitions…
RES definitions
For children
Wikipedia: Renewable energy is energy, generated from natural
resourses—such as sunlight, wind, rain, tides and geothermal
heat -which are renewable (naturally replenished).
RES definitions
Law of Russian Federation of 03/04/1996
”On enegy efficiency ”
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“Energy of Sun, wind, earth heat,
natural water currents and also
energy of natural existing
temperature gradients”.
RES definitions
Law of Russian Federation of 04/11/2007
Renewable Energy is :
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Energy of Sun,
Energy of wind,
Energy of water (including energy of sewage), exept nuclear
station sewage
Tide energy, energy of waves, rivers, seas, oceans;
Geothermal energy with use of natural underground hear transfer
Thermal energy of the earth, air, water with use of special heatcarriers,
Biomass including specially grown plants, including trees, and also
production wastes and consumption, except for a waste received
after use of hydrocarbonic raw materials and fuel,
Biogas
Gas allocated with production wastes and consumption on dumps
of such waste,
Gas formed on coal workings out.
Geographic position
60 latitude
Moscow region in winter
Polar night
Small angle
Heating is the basic consumer of
energy of any house in Russia.
Traditional Renewable Energy
sources in Russia
Traditional Renewable Energy
in Russia
The Russian furnace of a traditional design
has shown the efficiency equal of 68 %,
that is comparable to efficiency of modern is firm-fuel thermal power station.
And in the Russian furnace with the
bottom warming up efficiency of use of fuel reaches 80 %!
strobilas
New RES definition:
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“Biomass including specially grown
plants, including trees”
Non - Renewable Energy
sources in Russia
Oil 12%
Gas 33%
Coal 14%
Energy sources in Russia
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Very little, about 1 % - power on the basis of nonconventional
renewed energy sources.
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fuel balance of Russia is first of all gas
for which account half of all energy is provided.
Acceleration of development RES in
Russia demands overcoming of
barriers:
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psychological (we have enough gas and oil),
economic (it is expensive, it is necessary for regions),
legislative (no financial and tax privileges),
organizational-administrative (absence of federal and
regional plans),
information (weak awareness of a society on RES,
depreciation tendencies, world experience),
Renewable Energy sources in
Russia
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One of the problems of development
nonconventional renewable energy in
Russia is connected with shortcoming of
necessary legislative base.
Renewable Energy sources in
Russia – were?
Share of nonconventional renewable energy sources in
Russia in 2006 has reached an order 991 billion of
kw-h, - less than 1 %, (insignificant).
Still there are regions in which already now it is possible
to develop renewed nonconventional power actively.
1. Northern coastal regions, where a more potential for
development wind energy sources;
2. Southern - lot of sun;
3. Regions where there are possibilities for waterpower engineering development. Regions where
there are many rivers, including small, and,
accordingly, possibilities for water-power engineering
development.
Tidal power station
Gulf Stream
The first tidal power
station TPS in Russia
has started to work in
1968 in the White sea.
2 new TPS are planned
– in Wite sea and in
Ohotckoe sea
Tidal station
Ice
Permafrost zone
Northern polar circle
Tidal station new turbine
The Know-how of the modernised station - the unique
orthogonal turbine which was not applied in water-power
engineering.
The turbine rotor always rotates in one direction
irrespective of a direction of a power stream. Application of
an orthogonal rotor reduces an expense for station
operation approximately on 30 %.
Mobility assumes essentially new tactics in power:
the station is under construction in the area where it will
not maintain. They are deliver on a tow to the objects
requiring developed energy.
Kislogubskaya station (a ferro-concrete design in length
of 36 m, 18,3 and height 15,35) was constructed by
width in dock near Murmansk and then has been towed
off for 100 km in the Kislaya Guba.
The world's first floating nuclear
power plant - the Akademik
Lomonosov
Development of a normal power infrastructure is interfered
by a permafrost and low population density in the far northern area.
The plant will house two 35 MW KLT-40S nuclear reactors, similar to those used in
Russia's nuclear powered ice breakers, and two generators, and will be capable of
supplying a city of 200,000 people.
Originally destined for the Archangelsk industrial shipyard in northwest Russia, the
Akademik Lomonosov will cost an estimated six billion roubles ($232 million) to build.
Floating nuclear power plants
Rosatom is also planning to construct seven further
floating nuclear power plants in addition to the one
now under construction.
Five of these will be used by Gazprom for offshore
oil and gas field development and for operations on
the Kola and Yamal peninsulas. One is planned for
2012 commissioning at Pevek on the Chukotka
peninsula, another for Kamchatka region, both in the
far east of the country. Further far east sites being
considered are Yakutia and Taimyr.
Russia also hopes to export the floating units to
other countries for electricity and seawater
desalination, operating for 15 years before returning
to Russia for defuelling and maintenance.
Geothermal resources
Most high-temperature geothermal fields used as a base for geothermal
power plants are located in tectonically mobile belts of the earth crust
characterized with recent volcanic activity.
In Russia such area are Kamchatka Peninsula with the present installed
capacity of GeoPs of 73 MW and 6 MW respectively.
In 1966 the first GeoPS Pauzhetsky has started to work
in the USSR.
2 GeoPS, constructed in 116 km from PetropavlovskKamchatka, give to 30 % of all electric power of area.
Prognostic GeoPP capacity in Kamchatka is evaluated as 1250
MW (according to estimation of thermal energy in reservoirs).
Oil - renewable energy source?
Inorganic oil origin
Inorganic oil origin
2 points of view on origin of oil.
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2.
organic origin of oil according: oil was formed of
the rests of animals and plants,
mineral origin: synthesis of oil in the nature from
inorganic connections.
Kola Peninsula Superdeep Borehole:
Inorganic oil origin?
The super deep well SG-3, 12 262 m deep in the Kola Peninsula, Russia, is
currently the deepest drilled hole in the world.
Baikal. Summer 2008
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Deep-operating vehicles “Mir-1" and “Mir-2" during immersing have laid
down on a bottom of Baikal on depth of 1580 metres
According to participants of expedition, oil on Baikal exudes from
tectonic cracks.
From a bottom of Baikal in its waters annually arrives about four tons
of oil. This oil is absorbed by the microorganisms living on Baikal,
therefore it does not extend on lake and is localized.
Solar energy in Russia
Sun radiation map in summer
Solar batteries
Southern solar station
Vladivostok “ecohouse”
In Russia - 5 000 square meters
home solar batteries
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International Space Station (ISS)
Solar cell panels for tourism
Solar station project
Microwave beam
 Planned total capacity of stations will be
equal 1,5-4,5 GV, and total capacity at the
consumer on the Earth - 0,75-2,25 GW.
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Wind Power
Wind recourses in Russia
Russia possesses one of the greatest resources of
wind energy in the world.
WPS under constraction in far
North (Anadir)
Total capacity of all wind stations is only 15 Мw.
Conclusions
There are regions in Russia were it is effective way to
develop renewed power energy stations.
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Northern coastal regions, where a more potential for
development wind energy sources;
Southern - a lot of sun;
Regions where there are possibilities for tide and
water-power engineering development. Regions where
there are many rivers, including small, and,
accordingly, possibilities for water-power engineering
development.
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Thank you for Your kind attention!