Elective Psych Final Review ~ 2015
Name:_________________________________
Directions: It would, of course, would be beneficial to do as many as you can to help you on your final.
 The definition of psychology is:
 Psychologists rely on _____ to answer their
questions about human behavior and cognitive
processes.
 A ______ psychologist would be interested in the
ways intelligence changes as a child ages.
 What type of psychologist would explain a person's
behavior based on what is happening in the person’s
brain?
 What type of psychologist studies differences in
people (ie why is one person introverted while
another might be extroverted)?
 Which perspective rejected psychology's early
emphasis on the internal workings of the mind.
 What is the key issue in psychology that contrasts
the heredity with the environment as the major
influence on behavior:
 Explain the issue of free will vs. determinism in
psychology?
 Which issue in psychology concerns whether the
field should focus on processes going on within the
individual's mind rather than on behaviors that are
clearly visible?
 What type of psychologist would be interested in
why someone does something in reaction to others
or the group?
 What type of research was started by psychologists
after the Kitty Genovese stabbing ?
 What is primary difference between psychologists
and psychiatrists?
 Theories tend to be _____________ while
hypotheses are __________________.
 What do psychologists who work at universities
spend most of their time doing?
 Define OPERATIONALIZE:
 Define PHRENOLOGY:
 Define ARCHIVAL RESEARCH:
 Why is the year 1879 so important in the field of
psychology?
 What are the advantages of using archives?
 Define INTROSPECTION
 What is a criticism of introspection as a "window"
into the mind's structure?
 Define GESTALT:
 Write a key word or words for each of the
perspectives:
A) Humanistic –
B) Biological (Neuroscience)C) Cognitive –
D) Social/CulturalE) Behavioral
F) Psychoanalytic_
 What is a problem associated with archival research?
 The national census, conducted every 10 years, is an
example of which kind of research?
 Define CASE STUDY:
 Define CORRELATION:
 Define NEGATIVE CORRELATION:
 Define POSITIVE CORRELATION:
 In correlational research, the strength of the
relationship between two variables is indicated by:
 Define SYNAPSE:
 Too much dopamine? Too little dopamine?
 What is the major problem involved in conducting a
correlational study?
 What does the term experimental manipulation
mean?
 Too little SEROTONIN:
 Define EEG:
 Define MRI:
 What is the main advantage of experimental
research?
 The subjects in the control group experience all the
factors that the subjects in the experimental group
are experiencing except:
 The dependent variable is defined as the factor in a
study that:
 The independent variable in an experiment is
defined as the:
 Define CEREBRAL CORTEX:
 DEFINE OCCIPITAL LOBE:
 DEFINE TEMPORAL LOBE:
 DEFINE FRONTAL LOBE:
 DEFINE PARIETAL LOBE:
 DEFINE CEREBELLUM:
 What was the dependent variable in the Latané and
Darley study of bystander helpfulness was:
 Define HYPOTHALAMUS:
 Define CORRELATIONAL COEFFICIENT:
 Define ASSOCIATION AREAS:
 Define INFORMED CONSENT:
 What happened to railroad worker Phineas Gage?
 It would be expected that on many research tasks,
college students would perform
_____________________ participants from the
general population.
 The language disorder in which speech sounds fluent
but makes no sense is:
 Define PLACEBO:
 Define SENSATION:
 Which feature of the neuron makes it distinct as
compared to other cells in the body?
 Define PERCEPTION:
 DEFINE neuroplasticity
 Define STIMULUS:
 Define DENTRITE:
 Define ABSOLUTE THRESHOLD:
 Define MYELIN SHEATH:
 Define DIFFERNCE THRESHOLD:
 Give an analogy for the function of myelin:
 Damaged or insufficient myelin sheath would cause
the nerve impulse to travel…?
 Define SENSORY ADAPTATION:
 Define BLIND SPOT:
 The speed of transmission in a neuron will occur
fastest if what is true about the myelin sheath around
the axon?
 Define AFTERIMAGE:
 Define ACTION POTENTIAL:
 Define PHEROMONES:
 Where are neurotransmitters stored?
 How long does it take taste buds to reappear after
they are damaged (burnt)?
 List the receptor pairs in opponent-process theory:
 Does a nontaster or a supertaster need to eat more
sweets and fats to really taste it?
 The chemical that transmits pain messages to the
brain is known as…
 What is ongoing controversy regarding hypnosis?
 Addictive drugs differ from ordinary medication
because they:
 What do caffeine and cocaine have in common?
 According to the gate-control theory of pain, how
can the gates that allow for the perception of pain
close?
 Olfactory cells are found in the:
 Define PERCEPTUAL CONSTANCY.
 Define SUBLIMINAL PERCEPTION:
 Describe one’s body during REM sleep.
 During a typical night of sleep, the length of stage 4
sleep _______________, and the length of REM
sleep _______________.
 When people are deprived of REM sleep, they show
which of the following behaviors when they can rest
without disturbance?
 Define ALPHA WAVES:
 Define DELTA WAVES:
 In a typical night's sleep, the longest dream for most
sleepers is most likely to occur:
 Sleepers are least responsive to outside stimulation
during which stage of sleep?
 The theory that proposed that dreams represent
forbidden and unknown desires is the
____________________ theory.
 Define MANIFEST CONTENT of dreams:
 Define LATENT CONTENT of dream:
 Define ACTIVATION SYNTHESIS Theory of
Dreaming:
 Define DREAMS-FOR-SURVIVAL Theory of
Dreaming:
 What is the difference between classical and operant
conditioning?
 In Pavlov's classic studies on classical conditioning,
the neutral stimulus (NS) was
 In Pavlov's classic studies on classical conditioning,
the unconditioned stimulus (UCS) was
 In Pavlov's classic studies on classical conditioning,
the unconditioned response (UCR) was

 In Pavlov's classic studies on classical conditioning,
the conditioned stimulus (CS) was
 In Pavlov's classic studies on classical conditioning,
the conditioned response (CR) was
 Watson and Rayner's (1920) research using Little
Albert was important for showing that…
 In the Little Albert studies (Watson & Rayner,
1920), the conditioned stimulus (CS) was
 In the Little Albert studies (Watson & Rayner,
1920), the conditioned response (CR) was
 Define EXTINCTION:
 Define GENERALIZATION:
 Define SPONTANEOUS RECOVERY:
 The law of effect states that…
 Who is the psychologist most closely associated
with research on operant conditioning?
 Define THORNDIKE’S PUZZLE BOX:
 Define SKINNER BOX:
 Define UNCONSCIOUS WISH FULFILLMENT
Theory of Dreaming:
 When the probability that a behavior will occur
again increases, ______ has occurred.
 What is the primary characteristic of hypnosis?
 A reinforcer is a stimulus that…
 Define POSITIVE REINFORCEMENT:
 When a person's behavior increases because an
unpleasant stimulus is removed from her
environment, then she has experienced a _____.
 When the probability that a behavior will occur
again decreases, _____ has occurred.
 One advantage of using punishment to change
behavior is that punishment …
a.
b.
c.
d.
Psychoanalytical
Humanistic
Trait
Social-cognitive
 Indentify and explain the following defense
mechanisms
a. Displacement
b. Projection
 What is a disadvantage of using punishment to
change behavior?
 Define SHAPING:
 Define OBSERVATIONAL LEARNING:
c. Reaction formation
d. Rationalization
 DEFINE ENCODING:
e. Regression
 Define PROCEDURAL MEMORY:
f.
denial
 Define EPISODIC MEMORY:
 Define ABNORMAL BEHAVIOR:
 Describe the difference between IMPLICIT &
EXPLICIT MEMORY:
 Know the difference between OCD, PTSD, GAD,
PANIC, ANXIETY & PHOBIA
 Define FLASHBULB MEMORY:
 Describe the difference between RECALL &
RECOGNITION:
 Define personality
 Define Axis I on the DSM:
 Define Axis II on the DSM:
 Define Axis III on the DSM:
 Define ID:
 Define Axis IV on the DSM:
 Define EGO:
 Define SUPEREGO:
 Explain Freud’s view of personality structure using
the three previous terms
 List the order of Freud’s PSYCHOSEXUAL
STAGES:
 Explain how defense mechanisms serve to protect
the individual from anxiety
 Describe the current perspectives of personality
 Define Axis V on the DSM:
 Discuss how psychotherapy, biomedical therapy,
and an eclectic approach to therapy differ
 Discuss the aims, methods and criticism of
psychoanalysis
 Compare and contrast psychodynamic therapy with
traditional psychoanalysis
 Identify the basic themes of humanistic therapy and
describe the specific goals
 Explain how behavior therapy differs from
traditional psychoanalytical and humanistic therapy