BODY SYSTEMS
{ SKELETAL SYSTEM
What would happen if we
didn’t have a skeleton?
What is your skeletal
system?
a.
{
b.
The skeleton is the
framework to hold you up
and protect organs
There are more than 200
bones -206 as an adult
FUNCTIONS OF THE
SKELETAL SYSTEM
1.
{
2.
3.
4.
5.
Stores minerals
Protections internal organs
Supports the body (frame)
Produces blood cells
Helps produce movement
Vocabulary 1
1.
{
2.
3.
Skeleton: The framework of
connected bones in your body
Bone: An organ of the skeletal
system that stores minerals
Bone marrow: soft tissue inside a
bone that makes blood cells and
stores fat
Bone marrow
What is your skeletal system
continued…
{
c. Almost every bone is connected to another
bone by a joint which allows the body to move
in controlled ways
d. Bones are held together at joints by tissue
called ligaments
e. The skeletal system works with the
muscular system to produce movement. Tissue
called tendons attach muscle to bones.
{
JOINT
{
LIGAMENT
TENDON
What is your skeletal system
continued…
{
f. Before birth most of the bones in a baby’s
body are made up of cartilage. Cartilage is a
soft, flexible tissue. As you get older the soft
tissue hardens and becomes bone tissue as
minerals, such as calcium.
e. Some cartilage remains. Joints, nose, and
ears use cartilage for flexible support and
shape
{
Osteoporosis:
disease in which
the bones
become weaker.
This disease
increases a
person’s risk of
breaking bones.
Problems of the Skeletal
System
{
Arthritis: irritation
of the joints. This
problem can occur
in young or old
people. People who
have arthritis often
feel pain when
moving their joints.
Problems of the Skeletal
System continued….
Vocabulary 2
4.
5.
6.
{
7.
8.
9.
Joint : place where two or more bones
meet
Ligament : connects bone together at joints
Tendon: attaches muscles to bone
Cartilage: the tissue between the bones;
soft, flexible tissue
Osteoporosis: disease in which the bones
become weaker
Arthritis: painful joints
BODY SYSTEMS
{MUSCULAR SYSTEM
DO NOW:
{
WHEN WAS A TIME YOU FELT
SORE AFTER EXERCISE OR
ACTIVITY? WHAT WERE YOU
DOING DIFFERENTLY THAT MAY
HAVE MADE YOU FEEL THIS WAY?
IF YOU CONTINUE TO DO THIS
EXERCISE OR ACTIVITY WHAT DO
YOU THINK WILL EVENTUALLY
HAPPEN TO YOUR MUSCLES?
FUNCTIONS OF THE
MUSCULAR SYSTEM
MUSCLES HELP THE BODY
MOVE
2. PROVIDE STABILITY AND
SUPPORT
*MUSCLES CAUSE MOVEMENT
AND SUPPORT BY CONTRACTING.
WHEN A MUSCLE CONTRACTS
ITS LENGTH SHORTENS.
1.
{
Muscle contracting
3 types of muscle tissue
Skeletal muscle: muscle that is attached to the
bone
a. when skeletal muscle contracts, they
pull on bones, causing movement.
2. Smooth muscle: muscle that forms some internal
organs
b. the stomach is an organ made of
smooth muscle. When a smooth muscle
contracts, it pushes material through the organ.
3. Cardiac muscle : muscle that forms the heart.
c. when the heart muscles contracts, it
pumps blood through the body.
1.
{
SMOOTH
MUSCLE
SKELETAL MUSCLES
( ATTACHED TO
BONES)
CARDIAC MUSCLE
MUSCLES AND
MOVEMENT
•
WHEN SKELETAL MUSCLES
CONTRACT, (SHORTEN) THEY PULL
ON BONES. TO RETURN TO THE
ORIGINAL POSITION, A DIFFERENT
MUSCLE MUST PULL THE BONE IN
THE OTHER DIRECTION.
•
MOST BODY MOVEMENTS REQUIRE
EFFORT FROM TWO DIFFERENT
MUSCLES OR MUSCLE GROUPS. (I.E.
BICEP AND TRICEPS)
{
TRICEPS & BICEPS
QUADRICEPS &
HAMSTRINGS
DO NOW:
How would you fit this
block of ice into this
small tube?
{
BODY
SYSTEMS
{
DIGESTIVE
SYSTEM
What is digestion?
Digestion: the process of breaking
down food into a form your body
can use.
•
Digestion frees the nutrients from
food so that they can be used by
the body
{
What are nutrients?
Nutrients: substances in food that the body
needs to work properly. (fats, water,
carbohydrates, minerals, vitamins, proteins)
• After foods are digested, the blood absorbs
the nutrients. The blood delivers the
nutrients to cells throughout your body.
• Cells use nutrients to grow, repair
themselves and get energy.
{
THE DIGESTION
PROCESS
{
ORGANS OF THE
DIGESTIVE SYSTEM: A
CLOSER LOOK
WHERE DIGESTION BEGINS
 TEETH CHOP AND GRIND FOOD
INTO SMALLER PARTS
 CHOPPED FOOD IS MIXED WITH
SALIVA (SPIT) TO HELP BREAK
DOWN FOOD
 FOOD IS THEN SWALLOWED

THE MOUTH
AFTER SWALLOWING FOOD PASSES
THROUGH THE ESOPHAGUS
 FOOD IS MOVED BY A INVOLUNTARY
WAVELIKE MUSCULAR CONTRACTION
CALLED PERISTALSIS
 FOOD THEN ENTERS THE STOMACH

ESOPHAGUS
HOLLOW, MUSCULAR ORGAN THAT BREAKS
DOWN FOOD
 GLANDS IN THE STOMACH MAKE ACID, AND
OTHER DIGESTIVE JUICES
 THE WALLS SQUEEZE FOOD AND MIX IT WITH
JUICES TO FORM A THICK LIQUID (CHYME)
 FOOD THEN ENTERS
THE SMALL INTESTINE

STOMACH
FOOD ENTERS THE
SMALL INTESTINE AFTER
STOMACH
 MOST NUTRIENTS ARE
ABSORBED HERE
 DIGESTION IS
COMPLETED
HERE

SMALL
INTESTINE
PANCREAS, LIVER AND
GALLBLADDER
• THE PANCREAS MAKES PANCREATIC
JUICES THAT BREAK DOWN STARCHES,
PROTEINS, AND FATS IN THE FOOD
• CELLS IN THE PANCREAS MAKE A
HORMONE CALLED INSULIN, WHICH
HELPS YOUR BODY USE SUGAR
• THE LIVER IS ANOTHER DIGESTIVE ORGAN
THAT MAKES FLUID CALLED BILE (LIQUID
THAT AIDS DIGESTION) WHICH FLOWS
INTO THE GALLBLADDER
• THE GALLBLADDER STORES BILE
NOT ALL FOOD CAN BE DIGESTED IN
THE BODY AND THESE PARTS PASS
TO THE LARGE INTESTINE
 WIDER AND SHORTER THAN SMALL
INTESTINE
 ABSORBS MOST OF REMAINING
WATER AND SALT FROM FOOD
AND FORMS SOLID
WASTE REMOVED DURING A
BOWEL MOVEMENT (POOP)

LARGE
INTESTINE
DO NOW: Put the following words in order
according to how food passes through the
body. Then write a short description
describing what occurs there during the
digestion process.
WORDS:
ESOPHAGUS
SMALL INTESTINE LARGE INTESTINE
STOMACH MOUTH
BODY SYSTEMS
{
EXCRETORY SYSTEM
FUNCTION: REMOVES WASTE FROM THE
BODY
Excretory System (Urinary
System)
KIDNEYS, BLADDER AND TUBES: ALL
HOLD LIQUID WASTE
KIDNEYS:
TWO ORGANS SHAPED LIKE BEANS,
POSITIONED IN YOUR LOWER BACK.
REMOVES MOST OF THE CELL WASTE
AND EXTRA WATER FROM THE BLOOD
WATER + WASTE = URINE (PEE)


a narrow tube called the ureter
comes out of each kidney and
connect to the urinary bladder
(bag-like)
bladder fills with urine and then
is released through a tube called
the urethra
How does your skin help get rid of waste?
a. Sweat glands remove water, salt, and other
waste from the blood in the form of
perspiration, or sweat
b. Sweat leaves your body through small
openings in the skin called pores, water in
the sweat evaporates, other wastes stay on
skin until you wash them away
c. The excretory system helps keep wastes
from remaining in your body, which keeps
your cells healthy
Body Systems Part II
DO NOW: WHEN YOU ARE SITTING IN
CLASS, HOW IS YOUR HEART RATE?
SLOW OR FAST? WHY DO YOU THINK
THIS IS? AFTER YOU RUN THE MILE IN
GYM CLASS, HOW IS YOUR HEART
RATE? SLOW OR FAST? WHY DO YOU
THINK THIS IS?
CIRCULATORY
SYSTEM
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
DO NOW ANSWER
The circulatory system is made up of
three things:
Blood
 Blood vessels (veins, arteries, capillaries)
 heart

The functions of the circulatory system
include:
• transports materials (oxygen, nutrients, and
waste) through the body
• Helps prevent disease
Blood- red liquid that circulates continuously
throughout your body. Blood is made up of the four
following components:
a. platelets- stop blood loss by clumping and
forming plugs in blood vessel holes. ( This process is
called clotting.)
b. plasma- liquid portion of blood
c. red blood cells- blood cells that carry oxygen,
contains hemoglobin which gives off the red color
d. White blood cells- help fight infections
(Warriors)
1.
What makes up the
Circulatory system?
WHITE BLOOD CELL
RED BLOOD CELL
2. Heart- hollow, muscular organ about
the size of your fist. Your heart pumps
blood through the blood vessels of the
circulatory system.
e. made up of four chambers (left and
right atriums, left and right ventricles)
What makes up the circulatory
system?
1.
2.
3.
4.
What part of the blood prevents blood
loss? ( Think clotting, scabs)
What part of the blood fights infections?
(think warriors)
What materials does the blood
transport?
How many chambers does the heart
have?
Do Now: Review
f. The upper chambers of the heart are
called the right and left atria. Their job is to
RECEIVE blood entering the heart.
g. Bottom two chambers of the heart are
called the right and left ventricles. Their job
is to pump blood OUT of the heart
What are ventricles pumping
out? What are the atria
receiving?
Step 1: The right ventricle pumps blood to the
lungs, where blood exchanges carbon dioxide
(waste) for oxygen.
Step 2: The blood picks of oxygen from lungs and
flows back to the heart into the left atrium.
Step 3: The left atrium pumps the blood to the left
ventricle.
Step 4: The left ventricle pumps the blood to all
parts of the body delivering oxygen.
Blood Pathway
Through the Heart
Step 5: The body absorbs oxygen from the blood
and releases carbon dioxide (waste) into the
blood.
Step 6: This blood then flows to the right atrium.
(receives)
Step 7: The right atrium pumps the blood back to
the right ventricle to repeat the cycle.
Blood Pathway
Through the Heart
3. Blood vessels: hollow tubes of tissue
h. artery : blood vessels that carries
blood away from the heart
i. vein: blood vessels that carries blood
to the heart
j.capillaries: tiny blood vessels that
carries blood from arteries to veins.
What makes up the
circulatory system
Respiratory System
Do Now: Bernard took a drink of
water that made him cough. What
went wrong when he tried to
swallow the water?
Bernard’s water went down the wrong pipe.
If water enters the pipe that carries air to
the lungs, a person coughs to force the
water out. This pipe is used only to carry air
to and from the lungs as part of the
respiratory system.
Read pages 178-179, ‘The Respiratory System’ in the green
health book with a partner.
2.
On a separate sheet of paper, both partners answer the
following questions:
a. According to the text, the purpose of the respiratory
system is to move what into and out of the body?
b. Explain the pathway air takes through the respiratory
system.
c. According to the text, the lungs and blood exchange
what two gasses in the alveoli?
d. According to the text, what is the difference between
inhalation and exhalation?
e. The diaphragm is a muscle that separates the chest from
the abdomen. According to the text, When does inhalation occur?
What happens when the diaphragm relaxes?
1.
PARTNER READ
The aveoli are tiny air sacs in the lungs
where gas exchange (oxygen and carbon
dioxide) occurs. Smoking tobacco for a
long time destroys alveoli. How would
the destruction of alveoli affect a person?
DO NOW:
The exchange of gases between the
blood and the lungs occurs in the
alveoli. If many alveoli were destroyed
from smoking, it would reduce the
body’s ability to exchange oxygen and
carbon dioxide. This would make it hard
for the blood and body cells to get
enough oxygen.
DO NOW:
With a partner answer the following review
questions on a sheet of paper. You may use the
green health book, pages 178-179.
1. What is the main function of the respiratory
system?
2. What is the role (job) of the trachea when
discussing the pathway of air?
3. What are the two gases being exchanged in the
alveoli?
4. What is the diaphragm? What is the
diaphragm’s role in the breathing process?
Respiratory System Review
Put the following terms in
order based on the path air
takes to enter the body:
Lungs, mouth & nose, trachea,
pharynx(throat), larnyx
(voicebox)
Path of Air Review: Exit Slip
NERVOUS SYSTEM
Functions of the Nervous
System:
1.
2.
4.
Controls all other body systems
Senses change in our bodies and
surrounding
3.
It reacts to stimuli.
It helps us learn, speak, and remember
things.
What makes up the Nervous System?
1. Brain: major organ in the nervous
system
 Different parts of the brain control
different body functions.
 Movement, memory, learning, speaking,
and the five senses are controlled by the
brain
 Attached to the
spinal cord
What makes up the Nervous System
continued..
2. Spinal cord: organ that carries messages to and
from the brain
 These messages travel through groups of nerves
3. Nerves: a bundle of cells that conducts messages
from one part of the body to another
 Messages from the brain go through the spinal cord
to nerves that reach other parts of the body.
What’s a stimuli? Changes that cause a reaction
 Eyes, ears, tongue, nose and skin can sense stimuli
outside the body and send messages to the brain
and spinal cord through nerves
 Stimuli can occur inside the body
 Sometimes people react to stimuli after thinking
about how to , the react (i.e. if a person wants to swat
a fly, the brain sends a message telling the arm
muscle to contract)
 Sometimes people responds to stimuli automatically
called a reflex (i.e. heart rate increases automatically
when a person exercise, dropping a hot pan)
Responding to Stimuli
1.
2.
What are two functions of the
nervous system?
What is a reflex? Provide an
example.
EXIT TICKET