FEED
NUTRIENTS
Animal Science II
Unit 6
Objectives
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Identify the major functions of the basic
nutrient groups and identify the feeds that
are sources of each.
Identify the characteristics of nutrient
sources for each basic nutrient group.
Nutrients
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A chemical element or compound that
aids in the support of life.
Become part of the cells of the body
Necessary for life, growth and proper
function
Different kinds needed by different
animals
Must be in balance
5 Groups of Nutrients
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Energy
Proteins
Vitamins
Minerals
water
Energy-Carbohydrates
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Main energy nutrient in animal rations
Made up of sugars, starches, cellulose and
lignin
Chemically composed of carbon,
hydrogen, oxygen
Provide energy for body cells
Extra carbs are stored in the body as fat
Simple Carbohydrates
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Sugars and starches
Easily digested
Nitrogen-free extract (NFE)
 Comes
from cereal grains
Complex Carbohydrates
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Fiber
Made up of cellulose and lignin
Harder to digest
Found mainly in roughages
Energy Nutrients
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Fats and oils
Higher energy value than carbohydrates
 Fats
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have 2.25 times the energy value
Easily digested
Provide energy and body heat and carry
the fat soluble vitamins
Come from both plant and animal sources
Proteins
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Organic compounds made up of amino
acids
Supply material to build body tissue
Essential to fetal development
Table 6-1 (p. 129) shows the essential and
nonessential amino acids
Sources of Protein
Animal Protein
 Good
quality
 Meat & Bone meal
 Can not be fed to
ruminant animals
Plant Protein
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Poorer quality
Will meet ruminant
needs
Cereal grains in the
right combination will
meet the needs of
nonruminants
Soybean oil meal is
most commonly used
Vitamins
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Trace organic compounds
Only needed in small amounts
Divided into 2 groups
 Fat
soluble and water soluble
Vitamins
Fat Soluble
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Dissolve in fat
A, D, E, K
Sources
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Green leafy hay
Yellow corn
Cod liver & other fish oils
Wheat germ oil
Green pasture
Vitamin D is produced in
the animals body if the
animal receives direct
sunlight part of the day
Water Solvable
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Dissolve in water
Vitamin C & B-Complex
vitamins
Sources
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Green pasture (C & B)
Hay (C)
Green leafy hay (B)
Cereal grains (B)
Milk (B)
Fish soluble (B)
Certain animal proteins (B)
Minerals
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Inorganic materials
Needed in small amounts
Divided into two groups
 Major-needed
in large amounts
 Trace- needed in small amounts
 May
be deficient in some part of the US
 See table 6-2 p. 132
Minerals
Major Minerals
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Often found
lacking
 Salt
 Calcium
 Phosphorus
Trace Minerals
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Usually found in
adequate amounts
Potassium, Sulfur,
Magnesium, Iron,
Iodine, Copper,
Cobalt, Zinc,
Manganese, Boron,
Molybdenum,
Fluorine,selenium
Water
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Importance is often forgotten
40-80% of the animals body
Functions
 Dissolves
nutrients
 Controls temperature
 Carries nutrients
 Necessary for chemical reactions
Commercial Feed Tag
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Show the guaranteed minimum of
 Crude
protein or total protein
 Amount
of ammoniacal nitrogen in the feed
multiplied by 6.25
 Vitamins
 Minerals
Summary
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Nutrients are chemical elements or
compounds that aid in the support of life
Need all 5 groups to produce efficiently
Supplied by grains, forages and
commercial feed mixes
Assignment
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Complete Review Questions 1-12