Muscle tissues
Muscle tissue
• Muscle cells (myocytes) are elongated and
classified and or compatible as either striated
muscle cells or smooth muscle cells depending
on the presence or absence, respectively, of
organized, regularly repeated arrangements of
myofibrillar contractile proteins called
myofilaments. Striated muscle is further
classified as either skeletal or cardiac muscle.[1]
Thus, muscle tissue can be described as being
one of three different types:
Muscle tissue
• Skeletal muscle or "voluntary muscle" is anchored by tendons (or by
aponeuroses at a few places) to bone and is used to effect skeletal
movement such as locomotion and in maintaining posture.
• Though this postural control is generally maintained as an
unconscious reflex (see proprioception), the muscles responsible
react to conscious control like non-postural muscles.
• An average adult male is made up of 42% of skeletal muscle and an
average adult female is made up of 36% (as a percentage of body
mass).[2] It also has striations unlike smooth muscle.
• Smooth muscle or "involuntary muscle" is found within the walls of
organs and structures such as the esophagus, stomach, intestines,
bronchi, uterus, urethra, bladder, blood vessels, and the arrector pili
in the skin (in which it controls erection of body hair).
• Unlike skeletal muscle, smooth muscle is not under conscious
control.
Smooth muscle
Smooth muscle is an involuntary [non-[striated muscle]].
It is divided into two sub-groups; the single-unit (unitary) and
multiunit smooth muscle.
Within single-unit smooth muscle tissues, the autonomic nervous
system innervates a single cell within a sheet or bundle and the
action potential is propagated by gap junctions to neighboring
cells such that the whole bundle or sheet contracts as a
syncytium (i.e., a multinucleate mass of cytoplasm that is not
separated into cells).
Multiunit smooth muscle tissues innervate individual cells; as
such, they allow for fine control and gradual responses, much
like motor unit recruitment in skeletal muscle.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smooth_muscle_tissue
• Smooth muscle is found within the walls of blood vessels
(such smooth muscle specifically being termed vascular
smooth muscle) such as in the tunica media layer of
large (aorta) and small arteries, arterioles and veins.
• Smooth muscle is also found in lymphatic vessels, the
urinary bladder, uterus (termed uterine smooth muscle),
male and female reproductive tracts, gastrointestinal
tract, respiratory tract, arrector pili of skin, the ciliary
muscle, and iris of the eye.
• The structure and function is basically the same in
smooth muscle cells in different organs, but the inducing
stimuli differ substantially, in order to perform individual
effects in the body at individual times.
•
• In addition, the glomeruli of the kidneys contain smooth
muscle-like cells called mesangial cells.
3.
1.
2.
1.- gludā muskuļa šūnas, 2.- muskuļšūnas kodoli, 3.-saistaudi
Morfoloģiskās pazīmes:
Vārpstveida šūnas, saplacināti kodoli, eozinofila citoplazma,
bazofili kodoli
•
•
Venules sieniņa L - lumens, E - endotelijs, M – gludo muskuļu
šūna, C – kolagēna šķiedras. Mērgs = 2 µm. (Rabbit, neocortex.)
http:// synapses.bu.edu/atlas/3_7.stm
Arteriolas sieniņa. L - lumens, E - endotelijs, M – gludo
muskuļu šūna. Mērogs = 1 µm. (Rat, thalamus.)
http://synapses.bu.edu/atlas/3_8.stm
•
•
Arteriolas sieniņa. B – bazālā plātnīte, E - endotelijs,
M – gludo muskuļu šūna, C- kolagēna šķiedras.
Mērogs = 200 nm. (Mouse, neocortex.)
http://synapses.bu.edu/atlas/3_9.stm
Spraugveida kontakti gludo muskuļu šūnās.
• Smooth muscle is found within the walls of blood vessels (such
smooth muscle specifically being termed vascular smooth muscle)
such as in the tunica media layer of large (aorta) and small arteries,
arterioles and veins.
• Smooth muscle is also found in lymphatic vessels, the urinary
bladder, uterus (termed uterine smooth muscle), male and female
reproductive tracts, gastrointestinal tract, respiratory tract, arrector
pili of skin, the ciliary muscle, and iris of the eye.
• The structure and function is basically the same in smooth muscle
cells in different organs, but the inducing stimuli differ substantially,
in order to perform individual effects in the body at individual times.
• In addition, the glomeruli of the kidneys contain smooth muscle-like
cells called mesangial cells.
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Smooth muscle
Bundles of actin microfilaments
Myosin miofilaments
Dense plaque
Dense boodies
Nucleus
Cytoplasm
Gap juctions
Cell Signalling Biology - Michael J.
Berridge www.cellsignallingbiology.org - 2012
http://www.biochemj.org/csb/frame.htm
Smooth muscle
Smooth muscle and plasma
membrane
Smooth muscle
http://www.biochemj.org/csb/007/Fig7_smooth_muscle_cell_EC-couplinga.jpg
Module 7: Figure smooth muscle cell EC coupling
Gludo muskuļu kontrakcijas.
MLCK-myosin, light chain kinase, Ca4CM – Ca and
calmodulin complex komplekss.
Sceletal striated muscle tissue
Muscle fibers
• Red Muscle fibers
• Red Muscle fibers : Mitochondria, Prolongated
activity
• White Muscle fibers Anaerobic respiration
• Short activity
M-M line,
Z- Z line,
I- I band,
A- A band,
H- H band
endomysium
perimysium
• sarcomere.
• Thin and thick miofilaments
Triads
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WVuW560nRII
Cell Signalling Biology - Michael J. Berridge - www.cellsignallingbiology.org - 2012
Cardiomiocytes
Muscle contractions
http://www.cellsalive.com/myocyte.htm