REPETITIVE STRESS DISORDERS
• Compartment Syndrome:
Compression of nerves and blood
vessels d/t swelling w/i the enclosed
space inside the fascia
• Rotator cuff injuries – Impingement
syndrome: inflamed/swollen tendons
are caught in the narrow space
between shoulder bones
• Sx: discomfort when raising the arm
above the head
• Ganglion cyst – harmless fluid-filled
swelling that occurs most commonly
on the outer surface of the wrist
CARPAL TUNNEL SYNDROME
• Carpal = pertaining to the wrist
• The carpal tunnel is a narrow, bony
passage located about ¼ of an inch
below the inner surface of the wrist
• Median nerve and tendons that bend
the fingers pass through this tunnel
• Tendons that pass though the carpal
tunnel are chronically overused and
become inflamed and swollen.
EPICONDYLITIS
• Is an inflammation of the
tissues surrounding the
elbow
• Remember that a
condyle is the round
prominence at the end of
a bone
• Lateral epicondylitis =
tennis elbow
• Medial epicondylitis =
golfer’s elbow
ANKLE AND FOOT PROBLEMS
• Heel spur: calcium deposit in the plantar fascia near its attachment to
the calcaneus (heel) bone.
• Plantar fasciitis: Inflammation of the plantar fascia on the sole of the
foot.
• Pain when walking or running
• Can be caused by heel spurs
• Sprain: Injury to a joint which
usually occurs when a
ligament is wrenched or torn
• Strain: Injury to the body of
the muscle or to the
attachment of a tendon.
Usually are associated with
overuse
• Shin Splint: tibialis anterior
muscle tearing away from the
tibia
• Hamstring injury – strain or tear
of any of the three hamstring
muscles that straighten the
hip and bend the knee
SPORTS INJURIES
TERMS ASSOCIATED WITH PARALYSIS
• Paralysis: Loss of sensation and voluntary muscle
movements in a muscle through disease or injury to its nerve
supply. Damage can be either temporary or permanent
• *** -paresis = partial or incomplete paralysis
• ***-plegia = paralysis
• Myoparesis – weakness or slight muscular paralysis
• Hemiparesis: Slight paralysis or weakness affecting one side
of the body
MORE PARALYSIS TERMS
• Hemiplegia: total paralysis affecting only one side of the
body
• Paraplegia: Paralysis of both legs and lower half of the body
• Quadriplegia: Paralysis of all four extremities
• Cardioplegia :Paralysis of the heart muscle
• Can be caused by trauma, often
intentional in surgery
DIAGNOSTIC PROCEDURES
• Range of Motion testing:
evaluates joint mobility
and muscle strength
• Electromyography:
Diagnostic test that
measures the electrical
activity within muscle
fibers in response to
nerve stimulation
• Muscle biopsy:
Removal of a plug of
tissue for examination
• Antispasmotic – AKA anticholinergic –
suppresses smooth muscle contractions
of the stomach, intestine and bladder.
Often given before surgery to relax
these muscles
• Ergonomics – study of the human
factors that affect the design and
operation of tools and the work
environment.
• Myofascial release – specialized softtissue manipulation technique used to
ease pain
• Therapeutic ultrasound – High
frequency sound waves to treat muscle
injuries
TREATMENTS
MORE TREATMENTS
• Fasciotomy – surgical incision through the fascia to relieve tension or
pressure
• Relieves compartment syndrome
• Fascioplasty – surgical repair of the fascia
• Tenodesis (ten-ODD-eh-sis) – surgical suturing a tendon to a bone
• Tenolysis (ten-OL-ih-sis) – release of a tendon from adhesions (-lysis =
set free)
• Tenorrhaphy (ten-OR-ah-fee) – suturing together the divided ends of a
tendon
• Myorrhaphy (my-OR-ah-fee) – surgical suturing of a muscle