MATTER
Physical and Chemical Properties of Matter
8th Grade Science
WARM-UP: WEDNESDAY, SEPTEMBER 3RD
Q). In the following picture, name something
that is matter and something that is not
matter. EXPLAIN WHY
REVIEW: WHAT IS MATTER?
Anything that has mass and takes up space
(volume).
Examples of matter:
MATTER
Volume – The amount
of space something
occupies
Mass - The amount of
matter in something
MATTER
Matter
can be described by
using physical and chemical
properties.
These are characteristics that
matter has that make it unique.
PROPERTY = CHARACTERISTIC
*We use properties to describe
characteristics/qualities about matter
• What properties would you use to
describe a football?
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
 Physical
Properties: Are properties
that can be observed or measured.
(color, mass, length, volume, density,
state, etc).
 Physical properties DO NOT change the
identity of the substance

Meaning when you observe or measure a
substance, you do not change the substance into
something else.
OBSERVABLE PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
 Observable
Physical Properties:
Properties you can use your senses
to get information about an object.
 If you can describe the matter based
on what it looks, feels, smells or
tastes like, you are describing the
physical properties.
EXAMPLES OF:
OBSERVABLE PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
1).Malleability: the ability of a substance
to be pounded into thin sheets.
EXAMPLES OF:
OBSERVABLE PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
2). Color: The color of object can be seen and is a
physical property of matter.

Color can help identify a substance. For
example, sulfur is usually yellow in color, iodine
is usually red in color.
Sulfur
Iodine
EXAMPLES OF:
OBSERVABLE PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
3). Luster: Describes how a substance reflects light.
EXAMPLES OF:
OBSERVABLE PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
4). Texture: The feel of a surface.
EXAMPLES OF:
OBSERVABLE PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
5). Magnetism: an attractive force between ions.
EXAMPLES OF:
OBSERVABLE PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
6). Smell: The smell or odor an object gives off can
also help identify a substance.
 For example, sulfur has a rotten egg smell,
vinegar has a very acidic smell, and chlorine has
a very strong bleach smell.
EXAMPLES OF:
OBSERVABLE PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
7). Conduction of heat or electricity: The
ability for heat and electricity to pass through an
object easily.
 Metals are usually the best conductors of heat
and electricity.
EXAMPLES OF:
OBSERVABLE PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
8).Insulator of electricity or heat: when an
object passes heat and electricity poorly.
 Nonmetals are usually good insulators.
EXAMPLES OF:
OBSERVABLE PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
9). Ductility: the ability to be drawn or pulled into
a wire.
 Metals usually are ductile.
EXAMPLES OF:
OBSERVABLE PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
10). Solubility: The ability to dissolve in another
substance.
 Examples: sugar dissolves in water.
EXAMPLES OF:
OBSERVABLE PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
11). State of Matter: Matter can either be a solid,
liquid, gas, or plasma. We observe this by using
our senses.
STATES OF MATTER
State of matter is a physical property!!!!
 MATTER
CAN BE FOUND IN 4 STATES
(PHASES)
 SOLID
 LIQUID
 GAS
 PLASMA
http://www.harcourtschool.com/activity/states_of_matter/
PARTICLES of a SOLID (Physical Property)
Pattern: ATOMS (PARTICLES) ARE
ARRANGED CLOSELY PACKED
TOGETHER
Movement: VIBRATE
Shape/Volume: HAS FIXED SHAPE &
FIXED VOLUME
In Solids, the particles are very tightly
packed SO:
–THE OBJECT IS HARDER
– THE MORE DIFFICULT IT IS TO
BREAK THEM APART
– THE MORE ENERGY NEEDED TO
CHANGE FROM A SOLID TO A
LIQUID
The particles in a LIQUID:
Pattern: none
Movement: atoms roll or slide over each
other and move faster than a solid.
Shape: No fixed shape, takes shape of
container
Volume: Fixed

The particles in a GAS:
Pattern: none
Movement: PARTICLES
MOVE VERY FAST &
AS FAR APART AS
THEY CAN GET
Shape: NO FIXED
SHAPE, takes shape of
container
Volume: No fixed volume
The particles in PLASMA:
Pattern: none
Movement: Particles move very fast and
are therefore very HOT
Shape/Volume: NO FIXED SHAPE OR
VOLUME
Facts: Most common state of matter in
the universe.
Most Uncommon state of matter on
Earth.
Found in lightning, fluorescent lights
and stars (Sun)
What causes matter to move through changes?
Temperature changes!
20 QUESTIONS
WARM-UP:
TH
THURSDAY, SEPTEMBER 4
Q). What did I
have for dinner?
On the lines to the left of
your question box. Write
down the 10 observable
physical properties that
describe one of the foods
you ate for dinner and the
answer in ALL CAPS.
MEASURABLE PROPERTIES OF MATTER

Measurable Properties: Properties that must
be measured with a tool (ruler, beaker, graduated
cylinder, scale, etc.).
Ruler
Beaker
Scale
Graduated Cylinder
Triple Beam Balance
MEASURABLE PROPERTIES OF MATTER
1). Mass: is the amount of matter that something
is made of.
 Calculate: Using a triple beam balance or a
scale.
 Unit: in science ALWAYS use grams (g) or
kilograms (kg).
MEASURABLE PROPERTIES OF MATTER
2). Weight: is the amount gravity is pulling on an
object. Different on the MOON!!! Other wise it is
measured the same as MASS!!
On earth, we just weigh you to calculate!
MEASURABLE PROPERTIES OF MATTER
3). Volume: the amount of space an object takes up.




Measured by: different for regular solid, irregular solid and
liquids.
Examples of Regular Solids: any solid you can measure the
length, width and height of.
Examples of Irregular Solids: any solid you cannot measure
the length, width and height of.
Examples of Liquids: any object that has no definite shape
but does have a definite volume.
MEASURABLE PROPERTIES OF MATTER

Measuring Volume of Regular Solids: measure
the length, width and height with ruler and multiply
them together.
Length X Width X Height = Volume of Regular Solid
cm X cm X cm = cm3
 *ALWAYS USE CENTIMETERS IN SCIENCE!!!!


UNIT: cm3
MEASURABLE PROPERTIES OF MATTER
Measuring Volume of Irregular Solids: Water
displacement. Put water into a graduated cylinder
and record volume. Place irregular solid into
cylinder with water and record second volume.
Subtract the two amounts.
 Initial volume (water only) – volume with irregular
solid = volume of solid
 UNIT: measured in mL but, since it is a
solid use cm3.
1 mL = 1 cm3

MEASURABLE PROPERTIES OF MATTER
Water Displacement
Measuring the Volume of Liquids:
How to calculate: Use a graduate cylinder to find the volume
at the meniscus.
Material: graduated cylinder, beaker, flask
How to read a graduated cylinder
 Must be at eye level to read.


Must read to bottom of the curve. MENISCUS - bottom of
the curve.
Unit: mL or L
MEASURABLE PROPERTIES OF MATTER
4). Temperature – A measure of how hot or cold a
substance is.
o Calculate – Use a thermometer
o Unit – degrees Fahrenheit/ Celsius (in USA we use F)
5). Boiling point: the temperature at
which a substance changes from a
liquid to a gas at a given pressure
water (H2O) = 100o C (212o F)
Calculate –
Use a thermometer

6). Melting point: the temperature at
which a substance changes from a solid to a
liquid at a given pressure
water (H2O) = 0o C (32 o F)

Calculate – Use a thermometer
7). Freezing Point: the temperature at
which a substance changes from a liquid to
a Solid at a given pressure
water (H2O) = 0o C (32 o F)
Calculate – Use a thermometer
8) Specific heat - How much energy it takes to
increase the temperature 1 degrees.
Calculate – special thermometer
o Units: joules per kilogram kelvin
o
o
A high specific hear means it takes a LOT of energy/heat
to change the temperature of the substance.
MEASURABLE PROPERTIES OF MATTER
9). Density: the amount of matter in a given space
or volume. Density is used to describe matter
because everything has a different density.
MEASURABLE PROPERTIES OF MATTER
Measure by: dividing and objects mass by it’s
volume.
 Calculate: Density = Mass/Volume

m
D = ------V

m
D
V
Mass divided by Volume
UNIT: since mass is measured in grams and
volume is measured in cm3 or mL the unit for
density has to have those two units.
 So, the unit for density is g/mL or g/cm3.

DENSITY OF WATER!!!!!
The
density of water is
ALWAYS 1.0 g/mL.
Anything less than 1.0 g/mL
will FLOAT.
Anything greater than 1.0
g/mL will sink.
Practice
Calculate the density for the following
objects:
2g/ml sinker
a.Mass= 10 Volume= 5
2g/cm sinker
b.Mass= 16 Volume= 8
c.Mass= 5 Volume= 10 0.5g/ml floater
d.Mass= 12 Volume= 12 1g/cm water
3
3
Which object is water? Which object will
float in water? Which objects will sink in
water?
WARM-UP:
FRIDAY, SEPTEMBER 5TH
Q). When the ice melts in a glass
of ice water, will the volume
increase, decrease, or stay the
same? EXPLAIN
Why are some objects less
dense than other objects?
As the molecules of a substance spread
apart, the density of the substance is
lowered.
WHAT CAUSES MOLECULES TO SPREAD?
Adding energy (usually in the form of
heat) so the movement of the
molecules increases.
Objects float in other substances because
they are less dense than the substance they
are floating in.
Why does ice float in water? They are
both the same substance, right?
Notice how tightly packed the atoms are in the liquid water vs the solid water?
The spaces between the atoms make solid water less dense.
Is this true for all solids?
NO WAY!!! This is a unique quality of water. Most solids are always
more dense than their liquid forms.
ANSWER: DECREASE
Water molecules in ice (water’s solid form)
are further apart then they are in water
(liquid form), giving ice a density less than 1.
DENSITY
o When does an objects density
change?
o If heat is added or taken away!!!!
o HEAT – spreads out molecules
and makes them LESS dense
o Take AWAY heat – molecules come
together and makes them MORE
dense.
o Hot objects are less dense than cool
objects!!!!
DEMO: COKE VS. DIET COKE

What are observable similarities and differences?
These are two, unopened full
cans of soda. Explain why one is
floating and one has sunk.
CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

Chemical property: a property that can only be
observed by changing the identity (chemical
composition) of the substance
Examples:
•Flammability, combustibility
•ability to rust
•reactivity
(with, vinegar, oxygen, acids..)
CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF MATTER :EXAMPLES


Flammability: the ability to burn.
Reactivity: The ability for a substance to react with
another. Simply, when two substances get together,
something can happen.
CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF MATTER :EXAMPLES



Ability to rust – undergoes and oxidation reaction
between moisture and air
Tarnish – To become dull or discolored
Radioactivity – decay of elements into high energy
particles
Corrosion – Deterioration of metal by
means of a chemical reaction
