MATTER
Physical and Chemical Properties of Matter
2012
WHAT IS MATTER?
Anything that has mass and takes up space
(volume).
Examples of matter:
LAW OF CONSERVATION OF
MATTER
 MATTER
CANNOT BE CREATED
OR DESTROYED IT JUST
CHANGES FROM ONE FORM TO
ANOTHER.
(MATTER GETS RECYCLED)
THEORY OF KINETIC ENERGY
1. ATOMS ARE ALWAYS MOVING
2. THE MORE ENERGY ADDED TO
THE ATOMS, THE FASTER &
FARTHER APART THEY MOVE
ENERGY
ADDED
ENERGY
ADDED
MATTER
 Matter
can be described by using physical
and chemical properties. These are
characteristics the matter has that make
it unique.
 Physical
Properties: Are properties that
can be observed or measured. (color, mass,
length, volume, density, state, etc).
 Physical
Properties can be either:
 Observable or Measurable
OBSERVABLE PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
 Observable
Physical Properties:
Properties you can use your senses
to get information about an object.
 If you can describe the matter based
on what it looks, feels, smells or
tastes like, you are describing the
physical properties.
EXAMPLES OF OBSERVABLE PHYSICAL
PROPERTIES
 Malleability:
the ability of a substance to
be pounded into thin sheets.
EXAMPLES OF OBSERVABLE PHYSICAL
PROPERTIES


Color: The color of object can be seen and is a
physical property of matter.
Color can help identify a substance. For
example, sulfur is usually yellow in color, iodine
is usually red in color.
Sulfur
Iodine
EXAMPLES OF OBSERVABLE PHYSICAL
PROPERTIES
Smell: The smell or odor an object gives off can
also help identify a substance.
 For example, sulfur has a rotten egg smell,
vinegar has a very acidic smell, and chlorine has
a very strong bleach smell.

EXAMPLES OF OBSERVABLE PHYSICAL
PROPERTIES
Conduction of heat or electricity: The ability for
heat and electricity to pass through an object
easily.
 Metals are usually the best conductors of heat
and electricity.

EXAMPLES OF OBSERVABLE PHYSICAL
PROPERTIES
Insulator of electricity or heat: when an object
passes heat and electricity poorly.
 Nonmetals are usually good insulators.

EXAMPLES OF OBSERVABLE PHYSICAL
PROPERTIES
Ductility: the ability to be drawn or pulled into a
wire.
 Metals usually are ductile.

EXAMPLES OF OBSERVABLE PHYSICAL
PROPERTIES
Solubility: The ability to dissolve in a nother
substance.
 Examples: sugar dissolves in water.

EXAMPLES OF OBSERVABLE PHYSICAL
PROPERTIES

State of Matter: Matter can either be a solid,
liquid, gas, or plasma. We observe this by using
our senses.
STATES OF MATTER
State of matter is a physical property!!!!
 MATTER
CAN BE FOUND IN 4 STATES
(PHASES)
 SOLID
 LIQUID
 GAS
 PLASMA
http://www.harcourtschool.com/activity/states_of_matter/
PARTICLES of a SOLID (Physical Property)
Pattern: ATOMS (PARTICLES) ARE ARRANGED
CLOSELY PACKED TOGETHER
Movement: VIBRATE
Shape/Volume: HAS FIXED SHAPE & FIXED
VOLUME

In Solids, the particles are very tightly
packed SO:
–THE OBJECT IS HARDER
– THE MORE DIFFICULT IT IS TO
BREAK THEM APART
– THE MORE ENERGY NEEDED TO
CHANGE FROM A SOLID TO A
LIQUID
The particles in a LIQUID:
Pattern: none
Movement: atoms roll or slide over each other and
move faster than a solid.
Shape: No fixed shape, takes shape of container
Volume: Fixed


The particles in a GAS:
Pattern: none
Movement:
PARTICLES MOVE
VERY FAST & AS
FAR APART AS
THEY CAN GET
Shape: NO FIXED
SHAPE, takes shape
of container
Volume: No fixed
volume
 The
particles in PLASMA:
Pattern: none
Movement: Particles move very fast and
are therefore very HOT
Shape/Volume: NO FIXED SHAPE OR
VOLUME
Facts: Most common state of matter in
the universe.
Most Uncommon state of matter on
Earth.
Found in lightning, fluorescent lights
and stars (Sun)
MEASURABLE PROPERTIES OF MATTER

Measurabe Properties: Properties that must be
measured with a tool (ruler, beaker, graduated
cylinder, scale, etc.).
Ruler
Beaker
Scale
Graduated Cylinder
Triple Beam Balance
MEASURABLE PROPERTIES OF MATTER
Mass: is the amount of matter that something is
made of.
 Calculate: Using a triple beam balance or a scale.
 Unit: in science ALWAYS use grams (g) or
kilograms (kg).

MEASURABLE PROPERTIES OF MATTER

Weight: is the amount gravity is pulling on an
object. Different on the MOON!!! Other wise it is
measured the same as MASS!!
MEASURABLE PROPERTIES OF MATTER





Volume: the amount of space an object takes up.
Measured by: different for regular solid, irregular solid
and liquids.
Examples of Regular Solids: any solid you can measure
the length, width and height of.
Examples of Irregular Solids: any solid you cannot
measure the length, width and height of.
Examples of Liquids: any object that has no definite
shape but does have a definite volume.
Measurable Properties of Matter
Measuring the Volume of Liquids:
How to calculate: Use a graduate cylinder to find the volume
at the meniscus.
Material: graduated cylinder, beaker, flask
How to read a graduated cylinder
 Must be at eye level to read.


Must read to bottom of the curve. MENISCUS - bottom of
the curve.
Unit: mL or L
MEASURABLE PROPERTIES OF MATTER

Measuring Volume of Regular Solids: measure
the length, width and height with ruler and multiply
them together.
Length X Width X Height = Volume of Regular Solid

cm X cm X cm = cm3
 *ALWAYS USE CENTIMETERS IN SCIENCE!!!!


UNIT: cm3
MEASURABLE PROPERTIES OF MATTER
Measuring Volume of Irregular Solids: Water
displacement. Put water into a graduated cylinder
and record volume. Place irregular solid into
cylinder with water and record second volume.
Subtract the two amounts.
 Initial volume (water only) – volume with irregular
solid = volume of solid
 UNIT: measured in mL but, since it is a
solid use cm3.
1 mL = 1 cm3

MEASURABLE PROPERTIES OF MATTER

Density: the amount of matter in a given space or
volume. Density is used to describe matter
because everything has a different density.
MEASURABLE PROPERTIES OF MATTER
Measure by: dividing and objects mass by it’s
volume.
 Calculate: Density = Mass/Volume

m
D = ------V

m
D
V
Mass divided by Volume
UNIT: since mass is measured in grams and
volume is measured in cm3 or mL the unit for
density has to have those two units.
 So, the unit for density is g/mL or g/cm3.

BELLRINGER
Calculate the density for the following
objects:
2g/ml sinker
a.Mass= 10 Volume= 5
2g/cm sinker
b.Mass= 16 Volume= 8
c.Mass= 5 Volume= 10 0.5g/ml floater
d.Mass= 12 Volume= 12 1g/cm water
3
3
Which object is water? Which object will
float in water? Which objects will sink in
water?
DENSITY OF WATER!!!!!
The
density of water is
ALWAYS 1.0 g/mL.
Anything less than 1.0 g/mL
will FLOAT.
Anything greater than 1.0
g/mL will sink.
These are two, unopened full
cans of soda. Explain why one is
floating and one has sunk.
Why are some objects less dense than other
objects?
As the molecules of a substance spread apart,
the density of the substance is lowered.
What causes molecules to spread?
Adding energy so the movement of the molecules
increases.
Objects float in other substances because
they are less dense than the substance they
are floating in.
Why does ice float in water? They are
both the same substance, right?
Notice how tightly packed the atoms are in the
liquid water vs the solid water?
The spaces between the atoms make solid water less dense.
Is this true for all solids?
NO WAY!!! This is a unique quality of water. Most solids are always
more dense than their liquid forms.
Why does this happen?
Hot air
balloon rises
Atmosphere
changes as you
climb a mountain
Basketball goes
flat in winter
Perfume can be
smelled all over the
room
DENSITY
When does an objects density change?
If heat is added or taken away!!!!
HEAT – spreads out molecules – LESS
dense
Take AWAY heat – molecules come
together – MORE dense.
Hot objects are less dense than cool
objects!!!!
CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF MATTER
Chemical Properties- Properties that determine
whether or not a substance will react chemically.
 Flammability: the ability to burn.


Reactivity: The ability for a substance to react
with another. Simply, when two substances get
together, something can happen.