Cells
What cell can be up to 3 ft. long
In your body?
Cell - is the basic unit of all structure and
function of living organisms.
Organelle – “little organ”, cell parts
Write down the sequence of Developmental
Steps from Conception to Birth of a Human!
Union of Sperm + _______  makes
Zygote (_______ _____)  which forms into
B____________ (hollow ball with many Stem Cells) 
This mass of cells is beginning of an Embryo 
S_______ Cells in embryo  differentiate into
specialized cells
6. That form T________  then O________ Organ
systems  Organism called a Fetus
7. Fetus is Born  Infant (baby)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
True or False 1. Stem Cells can become any kind of
eukaryotic cell.
Stem Cells
•Stem cells found in all multi-cellular organisms, they divide and differentiate into diverse
specialized cell types and can self renew to produce more stem cells.
•Humans stem cells: 2 types
(1) embryonic
stem cells – in embryos, fetus and post-birth children
(responsible for becoming all the different cell lines for the development of a baby)
(2) adult
stem cells which are found in many various tissues.
(Adult stem cells are found in the body after birth. Until recently, it was believed that adult
stem cells could only become blood cells, bone cells and connective tissue)
* Recent scientific studies have shown: that adult stem cells can transform into all
For example: adult stem cells can become
brain cells, kidney cells, heart cells, muscle cells, etc., etc.
types of cells in the body.
EuKaryote Cells, Multicellular Organism,
Specialized Cells
• Write in your own words how this baby
represents all 3 terms – eukaryote cells,
multicellular organism, and specialized
cells
What are the 2 basic cell types?
1. P_____________
2. E_____________
Which is believed to have appeared on earth
first?
Cells and their
Organelles
Organelles – little organs, cell parts
Cell – smallest unit of life
Eukaryote Cells – Cells with a true nucleus, and
membrane bound organelles.
Prokaryote Cells – Cells with No nucleus
Membrane bound Organelles – cell parts which are
surrounded with a membrane.
Name 2 structures both cells have in common?
Prokaryotic Cells
Cell with NO _____________, and NO
Membrane-bound ____________.
Prefix Check
Matching:
EuPro“cell”
-Karyote
-elle
______ little room
______ little
______ true
______ before
______ nucleus
Eubacteria “true” bacteria
What does the plasma membrane always surround in any
cell? ____________
Bacteria Cell (Prokaryote)
Largest known rod-shaped
bacterium.
(0.6 mm). Lives in the intestine of
Sugeonfish.
Epulopiscium fisheisoni
Borrelia burgdorferi
Spiral-shaped bacteria
which causes Lyme Disease
Cocci (sphere) shaped bacteria
Bacteria Cell Structures
• Cell Wall – (unlike plant cell wall), protection.
• Loop of DNA – not surrounded or in a
nucleus, instructions for making protein.
• Plasmid – small circular piece of DNA, use in
recombinant DNA.
• Capsule – (not all bacteria have these),
usually found in disease causing bacteria,
added protection.
• Flagella - movement
All cells have 3 basic parts
1. Plasma Membrane
2. Cytoplasm (watery part of cell)
3. Genetic material (DNA & RNA)
Cell Membrane
How many
Layers do
You see?
Hint: Red
Plasma or Cell Membrane
Besides having 2
phospholipid
layers, WHAT are
the round purple,
orange, green structures?
Eukaryotic
Cells
Let’s add to our definition of
Eukaryote Cell
A cell with a true nucleus
AND contains
M_____________
B_________________
O_________________
Prokaryote cells – have NO nucleus and NO
Membrane Bound Organelles
Membrane Bound Organelles
Mitochondria
Golgi Bodies
Animal Cell
X
X
X
X
Shape of Cell Determines __________
of the Cell.
Animal Cell Organelles
“little organs”
• Nucleus - contains DNA, and controls all
cell activity.
• Ribosome – makes protein.
• Mitochondria – “ powerhouse” of the cell,
makes ATP, where cellular respiration occurs.
• Nuclear membrane – around the nucleus,
controls what enters and exits the nucleus.
• Plasma (cell) Membrane – around the cell,
controls what enters and exits the cell.
• Nucleolus – makes ribosomes.
• SER (smooth endoplasmic reticulum) – make
more membrane, lipids.
• RER (rough endoplasmic reticulum) – transports
protein throughout cell.
• Golgi Bodies – sorts, packages, and sends out
protein.
• Lysosome – contains protein digesting enzymes.
• Centrioles (only in animal cells) – aid cell
division.
• Cytoplasm – watery part of the cell, location of
organelles.
Soldiers of the Blood!
Plant Cell (Eukaryote)
Plant Cells
• Notice the shape.
• Name the purple structure made up of
cellulose.
• Notice each
green structure
and name them.
Additional Organelles in Plant Cells
• Chloroplast – location of
photosynthesis. Contains green
pigment called chlorophyll.
• Vacuole – holds water.
• Cell Wall – protection, provides
shape, and support to cell.
Plant or Animal Cells?
Identify 3 cell parts / What caused the blue color?
Other Eukaryotic Cells
Fungi Cell
• Image taking with
an SEM
• Unicellular
• Color enhanced
(blue) are scars
from budding.
Example: Yeast cell
Protist Cell - Paramecium
Protist Cell (Paramecium) Organelles
Cilia - hair like appendages that help the
paramecium move food into the oral groove
Contractile Vacuole - contracts and forces extra
water out of the cell
Food Vacuole - storage pocket for food
Euglena (Protista)
• What does this
unicellular organism use its green
chloroplast for?
• What is the
flagella used
for?
Amoeba (Eukarytic Cell)
• Can you identify
3 noticeable
“false feet”.
• Do amoeba have
a particular
shape? Explain.
Paramecium Dividing (Protista)
• How many
paramecium do
you see? Can you
identify the macronucleus and micronucleus in both?
Amoeba Dividing (asexual)
Can you identify the cells
Psuedopods? Nucleus?
Get a computer and log into
http://learn.genetics.utah.edu
Go to Cell Biology, then
Amazing cells
Receptor Proteins
Marker Proteins