Chapter 20
Chemical Bonds
Section 1
Stability in Bonding
Reading Check Questions
Pg. 603
Tells what elements are present in a
compound and the exact number of the
atoms of each element in a unit of that
compound
Caption Questions
Fig 2 pg. 603
Table salt is a stable, white solid. Sodium
is very reactive with water, silver in color,
soft, and a metal. Chlorine is a poisonous,
greenish-yellow gas.
Fig 3 pg. 604
An atom fewer than 4 electrons in the outer
level tends to give up electrons, while
those with more than 4 tend to gain.
Self Check
1. Sodium, as an element, is a solid metal.
Chlorine is a gas. When two combine to
form sodium chloride, they form a solid
compound.
2. The compound ratio is made up of one
barium ion and two floride ions. Also,
since the compound is made up of a
metal and a nonmetal, it is likely ionic.
Self Check
3. Chemical Bonds
4. If an element has 8 electrons in outer electron
energy level, it has a tendencey not to react.
5. Electrons are either gained, lost, or shared
between atoms.
6. Hydrogen, carbon, and oxygen are in the
compound. Each unit contains four hydrogen,
two carbon, and two oxygen atoms.
7. 54. 86 %
Section 2
Types of Bonds
Reading Check Questions
Pg. 609
The superscript written after the element’s
symbol
Pg. 614
A molecule that has a slightly negative end and
a slightly positive end
Caption Questions
Fig 11 pg. 611
N2
Self Check
1. In ionic bonds, one atom accepts
electrons from another. This happens
only among elements having large
differences in their attractions for
electrons.
2. In ionic bonds, one atom accepts an
electron from another atom. In covalent
bonds, electrons are shared, sometimes
unequally
Self Check
3. Covalent bonding produces molecules
4. Ionic: Ca – O and K – O, because K and
Ca are metals far from O on the periodic
table; covalent: S – O because S and O
are nonmetals close to eachother on the
table.
6. The charge on Al is +3 and the charge on
O is (2 (+3)) + (3 (-2)) = 0
Section 3
Writing Formulas and Naming
Compounds
Reading Check Questions
Pg. 621
Hepta-
Caption Questions
 Fig 18 pg. 620
Element
-ide name
CaSO4
Oxygen
Oxide
phosphorus Phosphide
Nitrogen
Nitride
Sulfur
Sulfide
Caption Questions
Name
Oxidation
Number
Copper (I)
1+
Copper(II)
2+
Iron (II)
2+
Iron (III)
3+
Chromium
(II)
+2
# of Atoms
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Prefix
MonoDiTriTetraPentaHexaHeptaOcta-
Integrate History
Pg. 617
CaO
Applying Math
Practice Problems pg. 617
Pb3P4
Fe2O3
Applying Science
 Pg. 618
1. Copper (II) oxide
2. Aluminum chloride
Self Check
1. Kl; Mg(OH); Al2(SO4)3; Cl2O7