Joints are classified functionally as _____,
based upon _____?
1. Sutures, gomphoses, or
synchondroses/location
2. Cartilaginous, fibrous or
synovial/material binding the joint
3. Synarthroses, amphiarthroses, or
diarthroses/amount of movement
4. Monaxial, biaxial, or triaxial/number of
planes of movement
Joints are classified structurally as _____, based
upon _____?
1. Sutures, gomphoses, or
synchondroses/location
2. Cartilaginous, fibrous or
synovial/material binding the joint
3. Synarthroses, amphiarthroses, or
diarthroses/amount of movement
4. Monaxial, biaxial, or triaxial/number of
planes of movement
What characteristics do typical synarthrotic and
amphiarthrotic joints share?
1. Joint capsules filled with fluids
2. Non-restricted movement of bony
regions
3. Bony regions separated by fibrous
connective tissue
4. Articular cartilages and bursae
In a newborn infant, the large bones of the
skull are joined by fibrous connective tissue.
Which type of joints are these?
The bones later grow, interlock, and form
immovable joints. Which type of joints are
these?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Synarthrosis; gomphosis
Symphysis; sutural
Synchondrosis; synostosis
Syndesmosis; sutural
You are studying the sagittal and lambdoid
sutures of the skull. These are considered
what classification of joint?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Fibrous synarthroses
Cartilaginous synchondroses
Fibrous synostoses
Cartilaginous syndesmoses
If you were looking at a synchondrosis in an
adult skeleton, you’d be looking at the ___?
1. Joint between the first rib and manubrium
2. Epiphyseal cartilage between epiphysis
and diaphysis of a long bone
3. Pubic symphysis
4. 1 and 2
Which of these characteristics is NOT a
component of synovial joints ___?
1. Ends of opposing bones covered by
articular cartilage
2. Joint cavity enclosed by an articular
capsule
3. Synovial membrane made of dense
regular connective tissue
4. Synovial fluid
Why would improper circulation of
synovial fluid lead to the degeneration of
articular cartilages in the affected joint?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Synovial fluid nourishes articular
cartilage.
Blood flow follows synovial fluid
circulation.
Articular cartilage is composed of synovial
fluid.
Both 1 and 2.
Menisci are not found in every synovial joint.
What are menisci and what is their function?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Another name for bursae/reducing friction
Pads of fibrocartilage/subdivides a synovial
cavity and allow for variations in shape of
articular surfaces.
Fat pads/protect articular cartilage
Specialized intracapsular ligaments/reducing
undesirable movements
When you do jumping jacks, which lower limb
movements are necessary?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Flexion and extension
Abduction and adduction
Flexion and abduction
Plantar flexion and eversion
Which movements are associated with
hinge joints?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Flexion and extension
Abduction and adduction
Dorsiflexion and plantar flexion
Circumduction
Types of angular motion include which of
these movements?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Pronation and supination
Circumduction
Adduction and abduction
2 and 3
A person standing on her toes is ____, while
a person trying to kick his own gluteal region
is _____?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Plantar flexing/flexing his leg
Dorsiflexing/extending his leg
Everting her feet/flexing his thigh
Inverting her feet/pronating his leg
The proximal radioulnar joint and the
atlas/axis joint are similar in that they are
both ______?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Biaxial saddle joints
Biaxial ellipsoidal joints
Monaxial pivot joints
Non-axial gliding joints
Which regions of the vertebral column do not
contain intervertebral discs? Why is the absence of
discs significant?
1. Between sacral vertebrae; these
vertebrae are fused.
2. Between coccygeal vertebrae; these
vertebrae are fused.
3. Between the atlas and the axis; a disc
would prevent rotation.
4. All of the above are correct.
Which vertebral movements are involved in (a)
bending forward, (b) bending to the side, and (c)
moving the head to signify “no”?
1.
2.
3.
4.
(a) flexion; (b) rotation; (c) lateral flexion
(a) lateral flexion; (b) flexion; (c) rotation
(a) rotation; (b) lateral flexion; (c) flexion
(a) flexion; (b) lateral flexion; (c) rotation
Which tissues or structures provide most of the
stability for the shoulder joint?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Bone and adipose
Tendons and bones
Joint capsules and muscles
Ligaments and muscles
Would a tennis player or a jogger be more likely to
develop inflammation of the subscapular bursa?
Why?
1.
2.
3.
4.
tennis player; stronger muscles in the back
tennis player; repetitive shoulder motion
jogger; excessive pectoral swinging motion
jogger; bursitis develops from running
A football player received a blow to the upper
surface of his shoulder, causing a shoulder
separation. What does this mean?
1. breaking of the clavicle and scapula
2. partial dislocation of the acromioclavicular joint
3. complete dislocation of the acromioclavicular
joint
4. 2 and 3
After Terry injured his elbow, he noticed a large
degree of motion between the radius and the
ulna at the elbow. Which ligament did Terry
damage?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Radial collateral ligaments
Ulnar collateral ligaments
Annular ligament
Interosseus membrane
Where would you find the following ligaments:
iliofemoral ligament, pubofemoral ligament,
and ischiofemoral ligament?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Hip joint
Knee joint
Shoulder joint
Ankle joint
The anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments
of the knee are distinctive in what way?
1.
2.
3.
4.
They tighten only when the knee is fully extended
They are inside the joint capsule and prevent
anterior and posterior movement of the femur
They reinforce the joint’s posterior surface
They work with the patellar ligament to support
the anterior surface of the joint
What symptoms would you expect to see in an
individual who has damaged the menisci of the
knee joint?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Difficulty in locking the knee
Inability to stabilize the joint
Pain in the knee area
All of the above
Why is “clergyman’s knee” (a type of bursitis)
common among carpet layers and roofers?
1. Their jobs demand locked knees for long
periods of time.
2. They kneel often.
3. Bursitis is caused by skin abrasion as
happens in their jobs.
4. There is lateral stress on the knee in
these occupations.
You have a young adult patient complaining of
joint pain and inflammation. Her uric acid levels
are normal. Your diagnosis is ___ and the cause
is ____?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Gouty arthritis/uric acid crystals in synovial fluid
Rheumatoid arthritis/autoimmune
Osteoarthritis/wear and tear on joints
Herniated disc/rupture of the anulus fibrosus
The relationships of the skeletal system to which
other systems is critical for regulating calcium
and phosphate levels?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Respiratory and lymphatic systems
Integumentary and reproductive systems
Endocrine and cardiovascular systems
Digestive and urinary systems