Vincent Massey Collegiate
Psychology 40S
Exam Review
January 2014
C. McMurray
EXAM DATE: Thursday, January 23rd 11:00-1:00
Psychology 40S Final Exam Review
Exam Date: Thursday, January 23rd 11:00-1:00
60 marks multiple choice and 40 marks short and long answer questions
Psychology
3 Main Levels of Analysis
Psychology’s perspectives:
1. Neuroscience
2. Evolutionary
3. Behaviour Genetics
4. Psychodynamic
5. Behavioural
6. Cognitive
7. Social-Cultural
Psychology’s subfields:
Research (basic)
Applied
Clinical psychologist
Counseling psychologist
Psychiatrist
Goals of Psychology
Hindsight bias
Overconfidence
Critical thinking
Theory
Hypothesis
3 types of Research:
Descriptive (case study, survey, naturalistic observation)
Correlational
Experimental
Random sample
Population
Positive correlation
Negative correlation
No correlation
Double blind procedure
Placebo
Placebo effect
Independent variable
Dependent variable
Experimental group
Control group
Descriptive statistics (mean, mode, median, range)
Ethics in Research (Human and Animal)
Social Psychology
Social Psychology (definition)
Stanley Milgram’s Experiment: Obedience
Solomon Asch’s Experiment: Conformity
Philip Zimbardo’s Experiment: Role Playing
Personality
Traits
Extroverts and Introverts
Big Five Personality Test and Myers Briggs test
Freud:
Personality: Structure of the Mind (ID, EGO SUPEREGO)
Defense Mechanisms
Biological Basis of Behaviour
The Brain:
Brain Stem
Medulla
Cerebellum
Thalamus
Limbic system
Amygadala
Pituitary Gland
Hippocampus
Hypothalamus
Cerebral Cortex
Motor Cortex
Sensory Cortex
Lobes of the Brain: Frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital
Other: Phineas Gage, Plasticity
The Nervous System:
Parts of the neuron and their functions:
Dendrites
Axon
Myelin Sheath
Axon Terminal Branches
Synapse
Action Potential
Neurotransmitters:
Serotonin
Ach
Dopamine
Central Nervous System
Peripheral Nervous System
Autonomic Nervous System
Sympathetic Nervous System (Fight or Flight Response)
Parasympathetic Nervous system
The Endocrine System:
Hormones and glands
Memory
3 levels of Processing (3 levels of Memory)
Encoding
Storage
Retrieval
Effortful processing
Automatic processing
Mnemonics (Peg word, chunking, hierarchy, acronyms)
Short term memory
Magical #7 plus or minus 2
Rehearsal
Long Term memory
Flashbulb memory
Context effects
Déjà vu
Altered States of Consciousness
Consciousness (definition)
90 minute Sleep Cycle
Sleep stages: one, two, three, four (deep sleep) and five (REM sleep)
Sleep disorders: narcolepsy, sleep walking, sleep talking, sleep apnea, night terrors
Psychoactive drugs (definition)
Know the 3 types of drugs, examples for each and the effects on the body
Depressants: Alcohol, barbituates (tranquilizers), opiates (morphine and heroin)
Stimulants: Methamphetamine, Caffeine, Nicotine, Cocaine, Ectasy (also a mild hallucinogen)
Hallucinogens: LSD, Marijuana
Development
Developmental Psychologists:
Jean Piaget (Stages of Cognitive Development)
Lawrence Kohlberg (Stages of Moral Development)
Erik Erikson (Stages of Psychosocial Development
Sigmund Freud (Stages of Psychosexual Development)
Developmental Terms:
Rooting reflex
Grasping reflex
Maturation
Schemas
Assimilation
Accommodation
Object permanence
Stranger Anxiety
Egocentrism
Conservation
Psychoanalysis
Free Association
Harry Harlow and the monkey
Attachment
Critical period
Imprinting
Parenting styles (Authoritarian, Authoritative, Permissive)
Morals
Nature vs Nurture
Motivation and Emotion
Extrinsic motivation
Intrinsic motivation
Immediate vs delayed gratification
Emotional intelligence
Paul Ekman
Marshmallow intelligence
Lie Detector tests
Causes of Anger
Happiness
Stress and Health
Stress
External locus of control
Internal locus of control
Type A type B personality types
Coping with Stress
Learning
Classical Conditioning
Neutral Stimulus
Unconditioned Stimulus
Unconditioned Response
Conditioned Stimulus
Conditioned Response
Generalization
Extinction and Spontaneous Recovery
Ivan Pavlov’s Dog Experiment
John Watson’s Little Albert Experiment
Operant Conditioning
Positive Reinforcement
Negative Reinforcement
Punishment
BF Skinner’s Experiment
Social Learning/Observational Learning
Albert Bandura’s Bobo Doll Experiment
Mirror Neurons
Thinking
Concept
Prototype
Problem solving: insight, trial and error, algorithms, heuristics
Obstacles to Problem solving: fixation, functional fixedness, mental set
Sensation and Perception
Sensation
Perception
Bottom-up processing
Top-down processing
Absolute thresholds
Subliminal thresholds
Rods and Cones
Illusions
Psychological Disorders
Psychological disorders (definition)
Anxiety Disorders: generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, phobias, OCD, PTSD
Mood Disorders: Major depressive disorder, Bipolar disorder
Schizophrenia
Personality Disorders: Antisocial Personality disorder
Dissociative Disorders: Dissociative Identity disorder
Classical conditioning
Pavlov’s Experiment
Operant Conditioning (Skinner Box)
Developmental Theorists:
Jean Piaget, Lawrence Kohlberg, Erik Erikson, Sigmund Freud
Jean Piaget
Notes:
Lawrence Kohlberg
Notes:
Erik Erikson
Notes:
Sigmund Freud
Notes: