CHAPTER 3: SECTION 3: RULERS OF EGYPT
KEY TERMS
KEY TERMS
EX:
If a teacher had absolute power
over a class, she might be able to
decide what students can wear to
class, eat for lunch, what they will
learn, and who students can be
friends with! (I like it !!!!!)
KINGSHIP

The fortunes and successes of Egypt and it’s
kingdoms depended on the strength of it’s
pharaohs.

What does this mean?
TEXTBOOK PAGE: 77
2686 – 2125 B.C.
OLD KINGDOM
(DYNASTIES 3-8)
3100 B.C.
EGYPT
UNIFIED
3000
B.C.
2700
B.C.
2400 B.C.
2055 – 1650 B.C.
MIDDLE KINGDOM
(DYNASTIES 11-13)
2100 B.C.
OLD KINGDOM
2589 B.C. Great Pyramid
2533 B.C. Great Sphinx
1800 B.C.
MIDDLE KINGDOM
1191 – 1786 B.C.
Egypt expands into Lower
Nubia
1550 – 1069 B.C.
NEW KINGDOM
(DYNASTIES 18-20)
1500 B.C.
1200 B.C.
NEW KINGDOM
1503 – 1482 B.C.
Queen Hatshepsut Rules
Literature & art develop
1504-1450 B.C.
Reign of Thutmose III
Empire expands into Syria
UNIFICATION OF EGYPT
What does UNIFICATION mean?
Look at a map of Egypt and think
about how / what might be unified.
EGYPT IS UNITED

King Narmer (Menes in Greek) United
lower & upper Egypt. Wore a red &
white crown signifying unification of
Upper & Lower Egypt.

Narmer (Menes) becomes 1st
pharaoh; establishes 1st dynasty

Built city of Memphis; (present day Cairo)
which was border between Upper &
Lower Egypt.
Narmer plates were carved to show a
ruler wearing two crowns
NARMER
Palettes
PHARAOHS
“He is the God RE whose beams enable us to see
He gives more light to the Two Lands then the
sun’ s disc
He makes Earth more green than the Nile in
flood.
He has filled the Two Lands with strength and
life.”
- an official of ancient Egypt
PHARAOHS





Had ultimate power
Had direct contact with the
Gods (god-kings) Their
word was law
If Pharaohs were made
happy then the Gods
would be too.
Controlled floods and
harvests
Re (sun god) most
important
The
3
KINGDOMS
AGE OF PYRAMIDS
GOLDEN AGE
IMPERIAL AGE
Capital: Memphis
Art & sculpture
Teamwork
Built the Great
Sphinx
Dynasties grew
weak
Capital: Thebes
Capital: Thebes
Expanded territories
(irrigation)
Large building
projects
Great power &
prosperity
OLD KINGDOM

This was the period in which the
pyramids were built.

The strongest pharaoh of the Old
Kingdom was King Khufu. His pyramid
is the Great Pyramid at Giza. The Great
Pyramid remained the tallest structure
in the world until the Eiffel Tower was
built in 1889.

The second largest pyramid at Giza was
built by Khufu’s son, It is believed his
face is the face of the Sphinx.

GREAt PYRAMID 1
THE PYRAMIDS
PYRAMIDS PART 1
http://www.neok12.com/video/AncientEgypt/zX5d7c7a5f53007b6c6c430a.htm
PYRAMIDS PART 2
http://www.neok12.com/video/AncientEgypt/zX604e7b7f756d575371526b.htm
OLD KINGDOM

Old Kingdom kept peace
traded with Nubia; some
occasional conflict

Sent merchants to the
eastern coast of the
Mediterranean to find
timber, or trees used for
building houses, boats
and furniture.

Merchants also traveled
north to find new items to
trade.
Solar boats played an
important role in story of
the afterlife in ancient
Egyptian mythology. Each
night the sun god Ra—in
the form of the evening
sun, Ra-Atum—was
thought to sail through
the afterlife in one boat
to battle gods and
beasts until he rose as
the morning sun, RaHorakhty, and sailed his
day boat across the sky.
the pharaoh had been
viewed as an inaccessible
god-king,
MIDDLE KINGDOM:

Early rulers of the Middle Kingdom
restored order and reunited Egypt.

Projects helped Egypt gain wealth

Pharaohs were viewed as
“shepherds of the his people”
meaning he was responsible for
betterment of the society; public
works Instead of spending the
nation’s wealth on war.

EXAMPLES: constructed buildings
irrigation projects

MIDDLE KINGDOM
Instead of building pyramids as Egyptians did in
the Old Kingdom, when pharaohs died they
were placed and buried in hidden tombs. Their
tombs were buried all over Egypt making it
difficult for intruders to find and steal.
They constructed the “Valley of the Kings”
VALLEY OF THE KINGS:
VIDEO: VALLEY OF THE KINGS
NEW KINGDOM: INTRODUCTION

The New Kingdom was known for the building
of its army, creation of armor and weaponry,
and great wealth.
MIDDLE KINGDOM

The period ended with
the invasion of the
Hyksos. The Hyksos
had superior weapons
and military might.
They ruled Egypt for
about 100 years.

The Hyksos controlled
Lower Egypt,
extending their power
to as far south
as Memphis
The pharaohs of Upper Egypt
never accepted Hyksos rule. They
strove to unite the Two Lands
again. They adopted Hyksos
weaponry and military tactics
and eventually waged open war
on the Hyksos,
MIDDLE KINGDOM: INTRODUCTION

The Middle Kingdom was know fro it’s
construction projects and irrigation projects
and the invasions by outside forces that took
them over.
NEW KINGDOM

This period began when
the Hyksos were driven
out of Egypt.

The Egyptians adopted
the fighting style of the
Hyksos, including the
use of chariots and
bronze weaponry.
NEW KINGDOM

Period began when the king drove the Hyksos out of Egypt,

Egyptians adopted the fighting style of the Hyksos, including
the use of chariots and bronze weaponry: Built strong armies

Egypt gained mass territories.

Traded with many surrounding places

Had many pharaohs:




Thutmose I
Thutmose III
Queen Hatshepsut,
Amenhotep (a.k.a. Akhenaton),
Ramses the Great.
NEW KINGDOM

1504 B.C. Thutmose III begin as
Pharaoh

Because he was so young his mother Hatshepsut acted as his regent
(ruled for him)

Instead, Hatshepsut declared herself the Pharaoh.

When Thutmose grew up Hatshepsut refused to let him rule….she
ruled until her death THEN Thutmose III took over!

As Ruler, he was a great conqueror, treated defeated with mercy.
He was educated and loved to study plants.
NEW KINGDOM: QUEEN HATSHEPSUT

Ruled Egypt for about 15 years.

She disguised herself as a man.

Most know for:
creating peace time
economic success
encouraged trade
http://mrmarks6.com/lectures/videos/Thutmose_III_and_Hats
hepsut.asf
IT’S ALL DOWN THE DRAIN NOW !
The fall of Egyptian power:
Egypt had about 10 more dynasties that ruled after the
end of the New Kingdom, but much of it was under
foreign control (other countries)
Egyptian control of Egypt by Egyptian pharaohs ended in
525 B.C., when the Persians conquered it: Alexander the
Great would rule for a short while.
IT’S ALL DOWN THE DRAIN NOW !
The fall of Egyptian power:
After Alexander, Cleopatra became ruler until
Egypt was conquered by Rome.
Afraid that the Romans would humiliate her, she
committed suicide!