Updated: August 7, 2010
Microbial
Classification
Supplemental instruction
Fall 2010
For Dr. Wright’s Bio 7/27 Class
Picture from http://berkeley.edu/news/media/releases/2006/12/21_microbes.shtml http://sustainabledesignupdate.com/?p=409
http://www.mycology.adelaide.edu.au/gallery/hyaline_moulds/?template=print
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Vocabulary to know
____________
Taxonomy: the science of naming and classifying organisms
____________:
evolutionary history
Phylogeny
Systematics
____________:
the science of classification based
on evolutionary history of organisms
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Organisms
-any living things
-animal, plant, fungus, or microbes (protozoa, bacteria, archea..)
- Can be classified by Hierarchical classification
Picture from http://www.flatrock.org.nz/topics/animals/are_animals_conscious.htm http://girltears.files.wordpress.com/2008/05/diatom-shapes-527153-ga.jpg
http://snarkerati.com/movie-news/why-the-3d-bible-movie-annoys-me/
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Organism classification
- Hierarchical classification
:based on some hierarchical structure
-Three major Domains of life
-Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus and species
Picture from http://faculty.southwest.tn.edu/rburkett/classification_of_organisms.htm
*Hierarchy
the arrangement of a particular set of
ranks or levels.
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All living things (including microbes) are classified into ….
3 Domains
___
and
6 Kingdoms
___
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From Dr. Wright’s Bio42 class
Biological classification
Domains and kingdoms- the
biggest groups
From Dr. Wright’s Bio42 class
Taxonomy- the science of
classification
3 Domains __________________________
Eubacteria, Archaea, & Eukarya
6 Kingdoms
Eubacteria, Archaea
______________________________
Plantae, Animalia, Fungi, Protista
“Domain, King Philps“ Came Over
For Grape Soda.”
“Scientific name!”
(Binomial name)
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Domain: EuBacteria
Kingdom Eubacteria
Phylum: Proteobacteria
Class:
Gamma Proteobacteria
Order:
Enterobacteriales
Family:
Enterobacteriaceae
Genus:
Escherichia
http://www.rosemerena.org/home/wpcontent/uploads/2009/04/greening8.jpg
Scientific name:
Escherichia coli
(Genus
Species: E. coli
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Species)
Domain
Kingdom
Genus (common name)
Archaea
Archaea
Archaea
Eubacteria
Eubacteria
Bacteria
Cyanobacteria
H.plyori, E.Coli
Oscillatoria, Gram+,-
Fungi
Fungi, Mold
Mushrooms
Yeast, Penicillium, Rhizopus,
Aspergillus…..
Plantae
Moss,
flowering plant
Pinus, sun flower,…..
Protista
Algae
Protoza
Volvox, diatoms,…..
Euglena, paramecium….
Animalia
Vertebrates
invertebrates
sponges, helminths (worms)
Prokaryotes
Eukaryotes
Eukarya
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Prokaryotes
ONLY Unicelluar
No nucleus
Singcirculr DNA
70S ribosomes
Cell wall
Binary fission
Non-sexual
No membrane-bound
organelles
Bacteria, Achaea
Eukaryotes
Uni- or Multicellular
DNA in Nucleus
Multiple, linear DNA; histones
80S ribosomes
Some have cell wall(fungi,
plant)
Mitosis, some do binary
fission. Sexual or non-sexual
membrane-bound
organelles
Algae, protozoa, plant, animal,
fungi
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Comparison of the three domains
Characteristic Eubacteria
Archaea
Eucarya
Cell type
Prokaryote Prokaryote Eukaryote
Cell wall
Peptidoglycan
Varies
Varies
Membrane
lipids
Unbranched
Branched
Unbranched
Sensitive to
antibiotics?
Yes
No
No
Circular
chromosome?
Yes
Yes
No (except in
mitochondria and
chloroplasts)
Histones?
No
Yes
Yes
Dr. Wright’s Bio7/27 class slide
Bacteria
Scanning electron
micrograph 
-Single cell prokaryotes.
-Found everywhere.
-Binary fission
-Motile(flagella) or non-motile
-have various metabolic properties
-Peptidoglycan cell wall Unique in bacteria !!!!
-No histones
-Some cause human diseases.
-Lots in human body.
Picture from http://www.nmpdr.org/FIG/wiki/view.cgi/FIG/GramStain http://www.ou.edu/class/pheidole/bacteria.html
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Archaea
-Single cell prokaryotes.
-Found everywhere.
really like “extreme” environments .
extreme temperature, pH,
-live in hyperthernal vent, Hot springs..
- have unusual metabolic properties
-Cell wall (but not Peptidoglycan)
-have histones
-Don’t cause disease as known so far.
-Methanogens in human body.
Picture from http://www.dalimunthe.com/2010/02/more-oddball-organisms-new-year-means.html http://www.microcourse.info/tiki/img/wiki_up/hydrothermal_vent.jpg
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Bacteria
Archaea
Prokaryotes
Domain Bacteria
Domain Archaea
Kingdom Bacteria
Kingdom Archaea
Peptidoglycan cell wall
In all environments.
Cell wall (but not Peptidoglycan)
In all environments.
Archaea really like “extreme”
environments .
extreme temperature, pH, have
unusual metabolic properties
No histones
Histones
May cause disease
Don’t cause disease as known
so far.
Lots of bacteria in human body.
Methanogens in human body.
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Algae
-Eukaryotes; Protists
-Single or multiple cellular
-Photosynthesis
-Cell wall
-motile(flagella) or non-motile
-”sea weeds”
Picture from http://users.rcn.com/jkimball.ma.ultranet/BiologyPages/A/AbioticSynthesis.htm http://www.exploratorium.edu/imaging_station/activities/wallpaper/wallpaper.php l
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Protozoa
-Eukaryotes; Protists
-Single or multiple cellular
-Non-Photosynthesis
-Cell wall
-Motile(flagella, cilia) or non-motile
Picture from http://kentsimmons.uwinnipeg.ca/16cm05/1116/16protists.htm
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Fungi
-Eukaryotes; Fungi
-Single or multiple cellular
-Non-Photosynthesis
-Cell wall
-Non-motile
-Yeast, mold, mushroom
Photo by
Pyeongsug Kim
Picture from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aspergillus http://www.pgodoy.com/imicoportu.htm
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What about Virus? Viroids? Prions?
They are NOT organisms,(non-living)
termed “agents”
 Can’t be classified into any domain or
kingdom
•______
Virus
Nucleic acid (DNA or RNA, but not both)
Protein, (some viruses have lipid).
•______
Viroids
Nucleic acid (RNA)
Plant diseases (as known so far)
•______
Prions
Protein
Diseases in animals (including humans)
“Mad cow disease”
Picture from http://www.toplistarena.com/10-funny-swine-flu-cartoons/http://www.dailygalaxy.com/my_weblog/2007/07/scientists-bio-.html
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Not fair!