American Studies
Midterm Study Guide (History Section)
Exam is based on the Political Spectrum, Gilded Age, Progressive Era, WWI, Roaring 20s, Great
Depression
Political Spectrum
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Left Wing
Revolutionary
Extreme Change thru
violence
Total gov. control of
economy (Communism)
Total government
ownership of land and
business
Total Control over
individual’s social life
-Soviet Union
-The Bolsheviks
-North Korea
-Support total government
control over the economy
-no profit, no provide ownership
of business
-Total control over press, speech,
education
mples
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Liberal
Change thru
democracy
Some gov. control of
economy (regulated
capitalism & socialism)
Some gov. ownership
of land & business
Favor little government
control over
individual’s social life
-Democratic Party
-Obama, Clinton
-Pro Choice
-Supporters of samesex marriage,
legalization of
marijuana
-higher taxes on
wealthy
-support laws
regulating business
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Right Wing
Conservative
Little Change thru
•
democracy
Little to no
•
government control
of economy (laissezfaire capitalism)
Little to no gov.
•
ownership of land or
business
Some Gov. control
over individual social
•
life
-Republican Party
-Bush, Reagan
-Anti-Abortion
-Against same-sex marriage
-Against legalization of
marijuana
-support low taxes on
wealthy (benefits would
trickle down to poor)
-usually against laws
regulating business (laissez
faire)
tariff which tries to protect American companies from foreign competition
conservative candidate in 1896
Carnegie's idea that the rich have a duty to give back to society
policy of the US government in which $ was backed by gold only
poor Scottish immigrant who eventually became one of the wealthiest
industrialists of the 1900s
political view that favors change through the democratic process
buying unneeded things in order to show status & wealth
Father of the modern Skyscraper
Supreme Court decision that said a state can regulate the rates of grain
elevators
organization of workers who band together to form a collective voice
when workers refuse to work in order to press the co. for their interests
strike in which Eugene V. Debs tried to help Pullman workers get higher
wages
political view that favors as little change as possible and a laissez-faire
economic policy
idea that in society the strong people become rich because they're better
while weak get poor
liberal candidate in 1896 who was a friend to farmers and laborers
led an "army" of people to the White House in 1893 to ask the government
Reactionary
Reversal of change
thru violence
Favor total control
of economy (Gov.
controlled
capitalism)
Favor private
ownership of land &
business under gov.
control
Total control over
individual’s social
life
-NAZIS
- Fascist governments
-KKK
-support total government
control over economy
-Allow business to make
profit
-allow private ownership of
business
-Total control over press,
speech, education
-support laws limiting
immigration
(Protective)
(McKinley)
(Gospel of Wealth)
(Tight)
(Carnegie)
(Liberalism)
(Conspicuous Consumption)
(Sullivan)
(Munn v Illinois)
(Union)
(Strike)
(Pullman Strike)
(Conservativism)
(Social Darwinism)
(William Jennings Bryan)
(Coxey)
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to help unemployed workers affected by the Panic
photojournalist who exposed the evils of child labor
Supreme Court case which said only Congress can regulate business, not
states
command economy in which private ownership and profit are allowed
"let it (the economy) be"
leader of the AFL who wanted "a piece of the pie" for his workers
political view that seeks to stop change through any means necessary
when a company acquires other companies in the same market
laissez faire economic model in which profit, private ownership are
allowed
built the Brooklyn Bridge
when a company owns all means of production
organized agreement not to buy from a certain company
overcrowded and squalid apartment where many poor immigrants lived
party made up of a coalition of farmers, laborers, reformers
political view that favors drastic change by any means necessary
when one company controls the entire market
when an employer closes his business to break a union up
Bryan's speech in which he invoked religion in the struggle for bimetallism
tax on imports
strike at Carnegie's steel mill in which Emma Goldman (was involved in)
tried to assassinate Frick to better the conditions of the workers
to cover in gold
"New Rich"
workers hired by employer to break a union
photojournalist who exposed the conditions of American slums in his
book, How the Other Half Lives
economic system in which the gov answers all economic questions
most radical labor leader of the IWW (Wobblies)
America before the Industrial Revolution
act which prohibited monopolies
radical union who was involved in the Haymarket Riot
command economy in which no profit is allowed
period from 1890-1920 in which reformers improved life for workers,
women, children, and the little guys
"I am not a humanitarian. I am a hell raiser."
furthest right in the 1912 election
TR's soldiers during the Spanish-American War
when a population moves from the country to the city
mob murder usually directed against African Americans in the early 1900s
city in Texas that became a model for progressivism after it was destroyed
by a hurricane in 1900
racist film which portrays slavery and the KKK in a positive manner
became president as a result of the Compromise of 1877
Institute in Alabama started by Booker T. Washington that taught African
Americans trade skills
style in art which portrays the lower classes in their everyday activities
illiterate player who helped 'fix' the 1919 World Series
animal that represents the republican party
Hine)
(Wabash)
(Fascism)
(laissez-faire)
(Gompers)
(Reactionary)
(Horizontal Integration)
(Capitalism)
(Roebling)
(Vertical Integration)
(Boycott)
(Tenement)
(Edison)
(Populist)
(Revolutionary)
(Monopoly)
(Lockout)
(Cross of Gold)
(Tariff)
(Homestead)
(Gild)
(Nouveaux Riches)
(Scab)
(Jacob Riis)
(Command)
(Big Bill Haywood)
(Rural)
Sherman Antitrust)
(Grangers)
(Knights of Labor)
(Communism)
ProgressiveEra)
MotherJones)
(WEBDuBois)
(Taft)
(RoughRiders)
(Urbanization)
(Lynching)
(Galveston)
(BirthofaNation)
(Hayes)
(Tuskegee)
(Realism)
(ShoelessJoeJackson)
(Elephant)
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"All trusts are bad and must be eliminated."
said "Our Constitution is color blind"
Amendment that called for the direct election of senators
decision that said long hours can be harmful to women and therefore
children
"I aimed for the public's heart but by mistake I hit them in the stomach."
tenements known for their horrific conditions (raw sewage, rats, etc.)
"Give us your tired, your poor, your huddled masses."
(Wilson)
(JusticeHarlan)
(Seventeenth)
(FlorenceKelley)
march led by Mother Jones to expose child labor to TR
trust company owned by J.P. Morgan and broken up by TR
Investigative journalist who expose the 'dirt' of society
magazine known for its muckraking articles
supreme court case that legalized 'separate but equal'
song by Billy Holiday about lynching
directed "The Birth of a Nation"
Leader of the National Consumer League
'community center' in Chicago to help immigrants assimilate into America)
"Lynching must be exposed to the public for the crime that it is."
started the Hull House
(ChildrensCrusade)
NorthernSecurities)
(Muckraker)
(McClure)
(PlessyvFerguson)
(StrangeFruit)
(DWGriffith)
(FlorenceKelley)
(HullHouse
(IdaB.Wells)
(JaneAddams)
SocialGospel)
(TriangleFactory)
fire that outraged the public because over 140 women died due to the lack
of safety standards
racist state laws which segregated blacks and kept them for voting
"I feel as strong as a bull moose."
another name for a monopoly
animal that represents the democratic party
assassinated in 1901 which led to TR becoming the president
political ism that rejects private ownership of business (Debbs)
Wilson's program to break up monopolies, reduce the tariff and regulate
banking
president of the Anthracite Coal company who held a 'divine right of
bosses' attitude towards the UMW
allows voters to fire elected officials
TR's promise of fairness to both business and labor
should have been president in 1877
convinced the Supreme Court that women could be harmed by long
working hours
...and carry a big stick
name for group of most influential delegates at Versailles
clause in Treaty of Versailles which blamed Germany for the war
nation TR thought was trying to rip him off in building a canal
international body of countries formed in order to stop another WWI
(Wilson's idea)
act which allowed the government to draft during WWI
Germany, Austria-Hungary, Ottoman Empire
promised Mexico land if they allied with Germany
formally ended WWI in 1919
nickname for American soldiers
Americans who heeded Washington's warning to stay out of entangling
alliances
pulled out of WWI after Lenin led a communist revolution in 1918
leader of the AFL who promised Wilson that his union would not strike
American officials who generally supported the Treaty but were concerned
(UptonSinclair)
(Dumbell)
(EmmaLazarus)
(JimCrow)
(TR [1912 Election])
(Trust)
(Donkey)
McKinley)
(Socialism)
(NewFreedom)
(Baer)
(Recall)
(SquareDeal)
(Tilden)
(Brandeis)
Speak Softly
Big Four
War Guilt
Columbia
League of Nations
Selective Service
Central Powers
Zimmerman Note
Treaty of Versailles
Doughboys
Isolationists
Russia (Soviet Union)
Gompers
Reservationists
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about Article X
G.B, France, Russia
About 9 million of these died in WWI
American senator who hated Wilson personally and led the movement to
stop the Treaty from ratification
phrase used by Oliver W. Holmes as a way of justifying the Supreme
Courts ruling in Schenck v US
$33 billion fine Germany had to pay for WWI
Attitude that America should export its way of life overseas
American officials who opposed the Treaty of Versailles under all
circumstances
TR's navy that was sent to flex American muscle overseas
said US would make sure Latin American nations paid their debt to
Europeans
sold as a way of raising $$ for the war
French leader who called on punishing Germany for the war
law which forbade criticizing the war effort
getting a nation ready for war
nation that started the Panama canal
US is often accused of this by dominating and exploiting other nations
head of the Committee of Public Information
HE 'kept us out of war' in 1916
small area where fruits and vegetables were grown as a way of conserving
food during WWI
passenger ship sank in 1915 by a German U-boat and included 128
Americans
imprisoned socialist presidential candidate who criticized America's entry
into WWI
molding public opinion
document written in 1820 which said European nations should stop
colonizing Latin America
list of ideas Wilson had for remaking post-war Europe
12.5 million of these died in WWI
America's policy at the start of WWI
trial which featured the debate of Creationism v Darwinism in 1925
Triple Entente
Civilians
Henry Cabot Lodge
Clear and Present Danger
Reparations
Progressivism Abroad
Irreconcilables
Great White Fleet
Roosevelt Corollary
Bonds
Clemenceau
Sedition Act
Mobilization
France
Imperialism
Creel
Wilson
Victory Garden
Lusitania
Eugene V. Debs
Propaganda
Monroe Doctrine
writer who said, "all work is worship, all useful service prayer."
Fourteen Points
Soldiers
Neutrality
(Scopes)
(Humphrey)
(Barton)
laissez-faire president who wanted "normalcy"
patriotic sounding plan (stick) to destroy unions
Italian anarchist who recieved an unfair trial
renaissance in NY noted for the "New Negro"
Act of 1924 which set up a quota system and greatly limited immigration
term used to describe workers on Ford assembly line monotonious work
company controlled unions)
when a few business control the market
pact ridiculed a "parchment peace"
Sec. of Treasury who believed in trickledown economics/laissez-faire
communist group sent all over world to encourage a proletariat revolution
contract signed by workers promising not to join a union
"wet" place where alcohol is served
(Harding)
(American)
(Sacco Vanzetti)
(Harlem)
(National Origins)
(Robot)
(Industrial Democracy
(Oligopoly)
(Kellogg-Briand)
(Mellon)
(Comintern)
(Yellow Dog)
(Speakeasy)
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reactionary racist group that revived in the 19020s under the banner of
preserving American values and the white race
case which said unions could be sued for going on strike
invented the scientific management of business
term for the expatriate writers who criticized American materialism
company policies that encouraged workers not to join unions (the carrot)
plan to loan Germany money so that they could pay the Allies so that they
could pay the US
fear in the early 20s that Bolsheviks and anarchist were trying to take over
US
method of Ford's workers to communicate
massive movement of African Americans to the North during the late
1910s
revolution of the 20s in which small businesses were overtaken by large
ones
music of the 1920s characterized by having no written notes
led a back to Africa movement
"The man who builds a factory, builds a temple."
wonder boy president and least laissez faire
Act aka Volstead
person who smuggles alcohol into US
girls of the 1920s known for their short bob cut hair and Charleston dance
Agency of the New Deal which attempted to revitalize the economy by
building dams in the lower Appalachian region
name given to homeless migrating farmers to traveled to California
helped to 'connect' FDR to common people by showing him how
underprivileged lived
“People don’t eat in the long run-they have to in every day.”
1st 3 months of FDR's presidency noted for rapid legislation
because this was high it limited the amount of goods foreign nations would
buy from the US
repossession of farms by banks
characteristic of entertainment people sought during the Depression
gambling the stock market in the hope of quick profits
the day the Stock Market crashed
“I didn’t know people lived like that!”
Long's program which called for all income over $5 million to be
redistributed to poor
anti-Semitic priest who wanted FDR to nationalize banks
leader of the bonus army who said "Let's show them we can take it on the
chin."
act which 'paid' farmers to be less productive
insured deposits up to $100 thousand
Agency of the New Deal which employed thousands of Americans in an
environmental conservation program run in military fashion
one of the causes of the Depression in which businesses and agriculture
made too much stuff
Hoover's policy of asking business and labor leaders to freeze hours,
wages, and strikes
term to describe the ecological and human disaster in which drought and
poor techniques led to the destruction of vast amounts of farmland
practice of getting a loan for stock with little money
a person who gains power by exploiting people's fears and prejudices
disease FDR contracted in 1921 which helped him appreciate the
downtrodden
(KKK)
(Coronado)
(Taylor)
(Lost Generation)
(Welfare Democracy)
(Dawes)
(Red Scare)
(Ford Whisper)
(Great Migration)
(Corporate)
(Jazz)
(Marcus Garvey)
(Coolidge)
(Hoover)
(Prohibition)
(Bootlegger)
(Flappers)
Tennessee Valley Authority
(Okies)
(Eleanor)
(Hopkins)
(100 Days)
(Tariffs (Hawley Smoot)
(Foreclosure)
(Escapism)
(Speculation)
(Black Tuesday (Oct. ’29)
(FDR)
(Share the Wealth)
(Coughlin)
(Walter Waters)
(Agriculture Adjustment Act)
(Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation)
(Civilian Conservation Corp)
(Overproduction)
(Volunteerism)
(Dust Bowl)
(Buying on Margin)
(Demagogue)
(Polio)
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number of supreme court justices prescribed by the Constitution
low point of FDR's presidency in which he proposed to add 6 more justices
to the Supreme Court
Huey Long's nickname
plan developed by a doctor which called for the mandatory retirement of
citizens over 60 and a pension of $200 per month
act which said that companies who deceived investors about its financial
status could be sued
scheme of Midwestern farmers to prevent foreclosure
league of wealthy businessmen who wanted to destroy the New Deal
weekly radio broadcast FDR used to connect to American public
Prohibited banks from investing savings deposits in the unpredictable
stock market & created FDIC
(9)
(Court Packing)
The moment that government provided work for one, it would have to provide work for all,
and there would be no end whatever possible. Society does not owe any man a living. In all
the cases that I have ever known of young men who claimed that society owed them a
living, it has turned out that society paid them---in State prison…The fact that a man is
here is no demand upon other people that they shall keep him alive and sustain him. He
has got to fight the battle with nature as every other man has;
Burn down your cites and leave our farms, and
your cities will spring up again as if by magic. But
destroy our farms and the grass will grow in the
streets of every city in the country…you shall not
crucify mankind upon a cross of gold.”
(Kingfish)
(Townsend Plan)
(Truth in Securities Act)
(Penny Auction)
(American Liberty League)
(Fireside Chat)
Glass-Steagall Act