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Key Concepts
Inquiry
Can you identify question that can be tested in an investigation?
Can you identify the variables in an investigation? IMV DRV
Can you identify the hypothesis in an investigation?
Physical Science
Can you give an example of refraction and reflection?
Ex 1. Reflection: bouncing light( I can see myself in a mirror or a shiny puddle of
water)
Ex 2. Refraction: bending light( place a pencil in a cup and it looks bent)
Ex 3. A prism acts like a rainbow. When sunlight passes through a prism the light
refracts or bends and you get the visible spectrum or the colors of the rainbow.
When white light passes through a prism the light refracts or bends and creates
the visible spectrum or a rainbow.
Can you identify the 3 states of matter? Can you tell how the molecules move
in each state of matter? Can you tell how they can change?
Answer: solid, liquid, gas. The molecules in a solid are very close together and can
only move slowly. The molecules in a liquid or farther apart and can touch more
often. The molecules in a gas are very far apart and take a longer time to touch.
Answer: A solid changes to a liquid when you heat it. A liquid changes to a gas
when you heat the liquid. A gas changes to a liquid when you cool it.
Answer: In the water cycle water evaporates when the sun shines on the water
and it turns from a liquid to a gas. The gas rises and come in contact with cool air
and it condenses or condensation happens. The gas turns back to a liquid. After
the liquid is too heavy for the clouds to hold participation takes place and it rains,
sleet, or hail. (When you boil water and the water changes from a liquid to gas that
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is evaporation. When you take a glass out the freezer and sit it on the table you
will see water on the outside of the glass.)
Can you identify conductors and insulators of heat and electricity?
Answer: conductors let heat and electricity flow through them easily
Insulators do not let electricity flow through them easily
Conductors: aluminum, metal, copper, gold, water, people, trees, platinum
Insulators: glass, porcelain, plastic, rubber
Can you identify an open and closed circuit?
Can you identify forms of energy?
Light energy
Heat energy
Sound energy
Kinetic energy: energy that is moving
Potential energy: energy that is not moving but have the ability to move
Friction: when two things rub together and slow down or stop. It creates heat
Gravity: causes things to fall down.
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Can you explain sound, pitch, and volume?
Answer: sound is vibrations moving back and forward
Volume is how loud or how soft a sound is. Turn up the radio for a loud sound turn
down the radio for a soft sound.
Pitch is how high or how low a sound is. (Remember: More is lower)
1st decide what is vibrating
2nd decide which is more
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If you blow in the bottle the air is vibrating and the bottle with the most air
and less liquid will have the lower pitch. The bottle with more liquid and less
air will produce a higher pitch.
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If you tap on the bottles the water is vibrating. The bottle with the most
water will have the lower pitch and the bottle with the least amount of
water will have the higher pitch.
Other examples:
The longer the string the lower the pitch the shorter the string the higher the
pitch.
The bigger the drum the lower the pitch the smaller the drum the higher the
pitch.
The thicker the string the lower the pitch. The thinner the string the lower the
pitch.
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Can you describe a mixture and a solution?
A mixture is when you place two or more objects together and they can easily be
separated.
A solution is a type of mixture that cannot be easily be separated. In a solution
one of the objects are dissolved.
Example: mixture: a salad: separate the lettuce, tomatoes with a fork
Sand and iron: separate the two with a magnet
Spaghetti and water: use a strainer to separate them
Solution: salt and water: you have to place the solution out in the sun and
let the water evaporate and then you will see the salt crystals
Salt, pepper, and water: first, use a filter to get rid of the salt
and water. The pepper will stand out. Next, evaporate the water and you will see
the salt crystals.
Life Science
Can you describe the major functions of each system of the body?
Circulatory system: it’s the blood system. It starts with the heart that pumps the
blood. The arteries take the blood throughout the body. And the veins brings the
old blood back to the heart to clean it
Respiratory system: it’s the breathing system. You inhale through you mouth and
exhale through your nose. Your lungs inflate when you breathe in and contracts or
go back in place when you breathe out. The diaphragm is under the lungs and it
expands and contracts when you breathe
Digestive system: it’s the food system of the body. You eat with your mouth and
spit helps to soften the food. The food travels down your esophagus to you small
and large intestines and it breaks up.
Skeletal system: That is the bone system and it hold up your body
Muscular system: That is the muscle system of the body
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Can you tell how plant and animal adaptations protect them from predators or
help it to meet its basic needs for food, water, and shelter?
Examples: white coats on polar bears is an adaptation that helps it to camouflage
itself in the white snow
A cactus plant has sticky needles as an adaptation to protect it from its prey
A duck has webbed feet as an adaptation to help it to move through the water
Some animals hibernate as an adaptation to help animals conserve energy.
Can you identify a balance meal that includes all food groups?
you must eat from all groups to eat a balance meal.
Can you describe the life cycle of a butterfly and frog?
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Can you explain the difference between biotic and abiotic?
Biotic is living and a-biotic is nonliving
Can you explain why carbohydrates, protein, and fats are important for the
body?
Carbohydrates help the brain to function and provide energy. Most foods contains
carbohydrates. It can be found in peas, breads, potatoes, cereal
Fats are also a source of energy. Fat is stored in the body as energy to be put to
use when we don’t get enough to eat. Fat is found in peanuts, fish meat, soybeans
Protein is very important because it is the building material for our bodies. You
can find protein in fish, meat, eggs, and milk.
Can you describe how an increase in organisms or a decrease in organisms’
population in a habitat affects the organisms?
Look at this food web to help answer that
question. In this food wed lets look at the leopard. The leopard eat the deer and
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gets energy from the deer if there were an increase the population of leopards
than the deer might go extinct because they are going to need more food to eat.
They will eat all the deer. If there were a decrease in the population of leopards,
than there will be nothing to eat the deer or the okapi which is an antelope. The
deer and antelope population will increase.
When there is not enough space, food, or water the animals compete or fight so
that they can get what they need. Some have to move to other places to get
resources some become extinct.
Earth and Space
Can you tell the parts of the soil?
topsoil, subsoil, weather rock
Can you look at a hardness test to identify rocks
Talc is the softest. Diamond is the hardest. The others
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Can you identify the 3 types of rocks?
Igneous rock: created from volcanoes
Metamorphic rock: made from pressure on the inside of the earth
Sedimentary rock: these are the only rock that you can find fossils in. they are
made from sediments (bits of rock, sand, gravel)
Can you explain weathering and erosion?
When water, wind, or ice break rock into many smaller pieces, that is weathering
When water, wind, and ice move broken pieces of rock, sand, gravel, or dirt.
Can you tell how the Hawaiian islands, grand canyon or great lakes were
created?
They were all created by a slow process. The Hawaiin islands were created by
volcanoes that erupted and form new land. The Grand Canyon was created by
weathering and erosion of the Colorado river, and the great lakes were created by
the melting of ice glaciers.
Do you know why the sun appears to move across the sky?
Answer: The sun, moon and all heavenly objects appear to move across the sky because the Earth is
rotating. It is the rotation of the Earth that makes it appear as if the sun, moon and stars are moving.
Can you explain why we get day and night?
Answer: We get day and night because of the earth’s rotation on its axis. As the
Earth rotates on its axis it causes the Earth to spin. So the side which faces the
sun is day as it is closest to the sun. The side that is further away from the sun is
in night as it has no sun and it is dark.
Can you explain why we have seasons?
We have seasons because the earth is tilted as it makes its yearly journey around
the sun. The tilt of the Earth means the Earth will lean towards the Sun (summer)
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or lean away from the Sun (winter) 6 months later. In between these, spring and
autumn will occur.
Remember:
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Important Facts
The Earth revolves around the Sun.
The North pole always points the same way as the Earth revolves around the
Sun.
The Earth's movement around the sun causes the seasons
Can you describe the movement of the earth?
The earth rotates and revolves around the sun.
Its takes the earth 24 hours or one day to rotate around the sun.
It takes the earth 1 years or 365 days to make a complete revolution around the
sun.
Can you describe the movement of the moon?
The moon orbits around the earth. It is the earth’s satellite
Can you explain moon phases?
We only see parts of the moon at a time. Its takes the moon 29.5 days to go
through all of its phases.