Skeletal System
{
By Connor Beasley, Lauren Buchberger,
Mary Burkhart, Mykhala Stillings
http://www.paperspencils.com/2013/05/
14/deadly-dungeons-20-dancingskeleton-room/
Support
Keeps body upright and
together
www.biology4kids.com
Protection
Protects inner organs and
fragile body tissues
Example: Ribs protect heart, lungs, etc
Vertebrae protect spinal cord
http://hes.ucfsd.org/gclaypo/skelweb/skel01.html#what
Movement
Provides attachment for
muscles
Blood Cell
Reproduction
Blood cells formed in the bone
marrow
www.sciencelearn.org.nz
www.georgetownhospitalsystem.org
Storage
Houses many minerals and
immature blood cells in the bone
Example:
Calcium,
lipids, red
blood cells
Development of Intramembranous Bones
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Bones of the skull
Develop between
membranes
Connecting tissue
forming in sheets which
become the bones
periosteum
Cells in the connective
tissue differentiate into
osteoblasts
Osteoblasts produce the
spongy bone
Osteoblasts begin
producing compact bone
on edges of spongy bone
Development of an Endochondral Bone
1.
2.
3.
4.
http://wps.aw.com/bc_marieb_happlace_7_oa/42/10965/2807221.c
w/index.html
Primary Ossification Center
Masses of hyaline cartilage
Cartilage breaks down and
disappears
Periosteum forms from
connective tissue and covers
developing diaphysis
Spongy bones form where
cartilage once was
Development of an Endochondral Bone
Secondary Ossification
Centers
1.Spongy bone forms
in all directions
2.Epiphyseal Plate
forms between the
ossification centers
3.Cartilaginous plate
thickens, lengthening
the bone
http://wps.aw.com/bc_marieb_happlace_7_oa/42/10965/280722
1.cw/index.html
Maintaining Long Bone
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Osteoclasts break down the calcified extracellular matrix
of bone
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Come from bone marrow when white blood cells fuse
Secrete an acid that dissolves the inorganic compound of
calcified matrix
Remove the extracellular matrix
Osteoblasts invade region and deposit new bone tissue
in place of calcified cartilage
Developing Long Bone
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Long bone lengthens while
cartilaginous cells of epiphysial
plates are active
When ossification centers of
diaphysis and epiphyses meet
and the epiphyseal plates ossify,
lengthening is no longer
possible
Long bone thickens as compact
bone is deposited, and resulting
space in the middle becomes
medullary cavity and fills with
marrow.
http://prezi.com/dnt6nk16zr6p/anatomy-of-a-long-bone/
Appendicular vs. Axial
http://www.studyblue.com/notes/not
e/n/appendicular-andaxial/deck/2846767
23 Major Bones of the Body
http://eofdreams.com/skeleton.ht
ml
23 Major Bones of the Body
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Skull
Sternum
Ribs
Vertebral Column
Clavicle
Scapula
Humerus
Radius
Pelvis
Ulna
Carpals
Metacarpals
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Phalanges
Femur
Patella
Fibula
Tibia
Tarsals
Metatarsals
Sacrum
Mandible
Maxilla
Teeth
Coccyx
Anatomy of the Long Bone
Spongy bone: Reduces bone
weight
Periosteum: Encloses the bone,
except for articular cartilage
Medullary Cavity: Houses
bone marrow & vessels
Compact bone: Protects
Articular Cartilage: Reduces
shock
Epiphysis: Articulates with
another bone to form a joint
http://legacy.owensboro.kctcs.edu/gcaplan/anat/notes/api%20n
otes%20h%20skeletal%20system.htm
Ligaments
• Connects
bone to
bone
Examples:
- Patellar ligament
- Lateral collateral ligament
- Anterior cruciate ligament
http://www.healthandfitnesstalk.com/tag/acl/
Tendons
•
Connect bones
to muscles
Examples:
-Achilles tendon
-Teres minor tendons
- Felxor tendons
http://www.daviddarling.info/encyclopedia/T/tendon.html
Cartilage
•
Tough, elastic,
fibrous
connective
tissue
Examples:
- Hyaline Cartilage
- Elastic Cartilage
- Fibrocartilage
http://www.activemotionphysio.ca/InjuriesConditions/Elbow/Surgery/InterpositionArthroplasty/a~250/article.html
http://nh-chsanatomy.pbworks.com/w/page/70452951/Fibrous%20and%
20Cartilaginous%20Joints-%20Isasky%20and%20Jaehne
Joints
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Fibrous Joints lie between
bones that closely contact
one another and have no
movement
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Cartilaginous Joints allow
limited movement
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Example: Sutures between
bones of the skull
Example: Between
vertebrae, pubic symphisis
Synovial Joints allow free
movement
http://www.rci.rutgers.edu/~uzwi
ak/AnatPhys/APFallLect11.html
http://www.medicalook.com/hum
an_anatomy/organs/Cartilaginous
_joints.html
Synovial Joints
http://www.rci.rutgers.edu/~uzwiak/AnatPhys/APFa
llLect11.html
Ball-and-Socket
allows a wider
range of
motion
Examples:
- Shoulder
- Hip
http://www.daviddarling.info/encyclopedia/B/ball-andsocket_joint.html
Condyloid Joint
permits multiple
movements, but
not rotational
Examples:
- Joints between
metacarpals and
phalanges
http://faculty.stcc.edu/AandP/AP/AP1pages/Units5to9/joints/
synovial.htm
Gliding Joints
flat or slightly
curved and
allow sliding &
twisting
movements
Examples:
- Joints within wrists &
ankle
- Ribs 2-7
http://www.teachpe.com/anatomy/joints.php
Hinge Joint
convex surface fits
into concave surface
and moves in only
one plane
Examples:
- Joints of phalanges
http://www.humpalphysicaltherapy.com/InjuriesConditions/Elbow/ElbowAnatomy/a~5607/article.html
Pivot Joint
movement is
limited to
rotation
around
central axis
Examples:
- Proximal ends of
radius and ulna
http://www.paradoja7.com/picture-of-pivot-joint/
Saddle Joint
surface of one bone
fits the
complementary
surface of the other
Examples:
- Joint between the trapezium
and metacarpal bones of
thumb
http://www.teachpe.com/anatomy/joints.php
Joint Movements
http://en.wiki
pedia.org/wik
i/Anatomical_
terms_of_mot
ion
http://dc219.4shared.com/doc/RYbxrbeJ/preview.html
Flexion: bending joint and decreasing angle
Extension: Straightening joint and increasing
angle
Hyperextension: extending beyond anatomical
position
http://www.andrew.cmu.edu/course/42-401-zapanta/page3.html
http://getstinkout.wordpress.com/tag/twisted-ankle/
Dorsiflexion: bending foot at ankle towards shin
Plantar flexion: bending foot at ankle towards sole
Eversion: turning foot so sole faces laterally
Inversion: turning foot so sole faces medially
http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/adduction
http://www.shadmehrlab.org/book/kinematics/kinematics.htm
Abduction: moving a part away from midline
Adduction: moving a part away toward midline
Supination: turning the hand so palm is facing upward
Pronation: turning the hand so palm is facing downward
http://higheredbcs.wiley.com/legacy/college/t
ortora/0470565101/hearthis_ill/pap13e_ch09_il
lustr_audio_mp3_am/simulations/hear/circum
duction.html
http://higheredbcs.wiley.com/legacy/college/tortora/0470565101/he
arthis_ill/pap13e_ch09_illustr_audio_mp3_am/simulations/hear/ci
rcumduction.html
Circumduction: moving a part in a circular motion
Retraction: moving a part backward
Protraction: moving a part forward
http://www.studyblue.com/notes/note/n/regional-anatomy-1/deck/6344513
Elevation: Raising a part
Depression: Lowering a part
Diseases of the Skeletal System
Arthritis
medicaltextboks.blogspot.com
Osteoarthritis
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Degenerative disorder
1.
2.
3.
Cartilage softens and
disintegrates
Articular surface roughens
Bones rub together
producing stiffness, loss of
motion, and pain
www.celebrex.com
Rheumatoid Arthritis
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Autoimmune Disease
1.
2.
Swelling of synovial
cells and synovial fluid
in joints
Causes damage to the
cartilage and bone
blog.proboostdirect.com
Work Cited
•
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<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anatomical_terms_of_motion>.
•
"Anatomy 2010-11." YISS. N.p., n.d. Web. 24 Feb. 2014.
<http://higheredbcs.wiley.com/legacy/college/tortora/0470565101/hearthis_ill/pap13e_ch09_illustr_audio_mp3_am/simulations/hear/circumduction.html>.
•
"Anatomy of a Long Bone." prezi.com. N.p., n.d. Web. 24 Feb. 2014. <http://prezi.com/dnt6nk16zr6p/anatomy-of-a-long-bone/>.
•
"Angular Movements at Synovial Joints." higheredbcs.com. N.p., n.d. Web. 24 Feb. 2014.
<http://higheredbcs.wiley.com/legacy/college/tortora/0470565101/hearthis_ill/pap13e_ch09_illustr_audio_mp3_am/simulations/hear/circumduction.html>.
•
"Appendicular and Axial Skeleton." Flashcards. N.p., n.d. Web. 24 Feb. 2014. <http://www.studyblue.com/notes/note/n/appendicular-andaxial/deck/2846767..>.
•
"Art Labeling Quiz." Art Labeling Quiz. N.p., n.d. Web. 24 Feb. 2014. http://wps.aw.com/bc_marieb_happlace_7_oa/42/10965/2807221.cw/index.html
•
."Cartilaginous joints." MEDICALOOK.COM. N.p., n.d. Web. 24 Feb. 2014.
http://www.medicalook.com/human_anatomy/organs/Cartilaginous_joints.html
•
"Fibrous and Cartilaginous Joints- Isasky and Jaehne." nh-chs-anatomy /. N.p., n.d. Web. 24 Feb. 2014. <http://nh-chsanatomy.pbworks.com/w/page/70452951/Fibrous%20and%20Cartilaginous%20Joints-%20Isasky%20and%20Jaehne>.
•
“Health and Fitness Talk." Health and Fitness Talk RSS. N.p., n.d. Web. 24 Feb. 2014. <http://www.healthandfitnesstalk.com/tag/acl/>.
•
"Kinematics." Kinematics. N.p., n.d. Web. 24 Feb. 2014. http://www.shadmehrlab.org/book/kinematics/kinematics.htm
•
."Lecture 11: Lower Limb & Articulations I." Lecture 11: Lower Limb & Articulations I. N.p., n.d. Web. 24 Feb. 2014.
<http://www.rci.rutgers.edu/~uzwiak/AnatPhys/APFallLect11.html>.
•
"Main menu." getstinkout. N.p., n.d. Web. 24 Feb. 2014. <http://getstinkout.wordpress.com/tag/twisted-ankle/>.
•
"Muscular System." dc219.4. N.p., n.d. Web. 24 Feb. 2014. http://dc219.4shared.com/doc/RYbxrbeJ/preview.html
•
."Papers and Pencils." Papers and Pencils. N.p., n.d. Web. 24 Feb. 2014. <http://www.paperspencils.com/2013/05/14/deadly-dungeons-20-dancingskeleton-room/>.
Work Cited Continued
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"Physical Therapy in Corpus Christi for Elbow." - Anatomy. N.p., n.d. Web. 24 Feb. 2014. http://www.humpalphysicaltherapy.com/Injuries-Conditions/Elbow/ElbowAnatomy/a~5607/article.html

."Physiotherapy in Banff for Elbow." -Interposition Arthroplasty. N.p., n.d. Web. 24 Feb. 2014. <http://www.activemotionphysio.ca/InjuriesConditions/Elbow/Surgery/Interposition-Arthroplasty/a~250/article.html>.
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"Picture of Pivot Joint." Paradoja7com. N.p., n.d. Web. 24 Feb. 2014. http://www.paradoja7.com/picture-of-pivot-joint/
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“Skeletal System." Legacy. N.p., n.d. Web. 24 Feb. 2014. <http://legacy.owensboro.kctcs.edu/gcaplan/anat/notes/api%20notes%20h%20skeletal%20system.htm>.

"Skeleton." The meaning of the dream in which you see ''. N.p., n.d. Web. 24 Feb. 2014. http://eofdreams.com/skeleton.html.
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"Study better. Learn faster. Get the grade you want.." StudyBlue. N.p., n.d. Web. 24 Feb. 2014. http://www.studyblue.com/notes/note/n/regional-anatomy-1/deck/6344513
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"Textbooks describe six ways that a synovial (diarthrotic) joint might move:." Synovial Joint Movements. N.p., n.d. Web. 24 Feb. 2014.
http://faculty.stcc.edu/AandP/AP/AP1pages/Units5to9/joints/synovial.htm
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."The Scotty Sock." The Scotty Sock. N.p., n.d. Web. 24 Feb. 2014. <http://www.andrew.cmu.edu/course/42-401-zapanta/page3.html>.
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"Types of Joint." s. N.p., n.d. Web. 24 Feb. 2014. <http://www.teachpe.com/anatomy/joints.php>.

"Types of Joint." s. N.p., n.d. Web. 24 Feb. 2014. <http://www.teachpe.com/anatomy/joints.php>.
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“Adduction playV2('en/US/d3/d3djdddsstdysoslssssgh');playV2('en/UK/d3/d3djdddsstdysoslssssgh')
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" TheFreeDictionary.com. N.p., n.d. Web. 24 Feb. 2014. <http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/adduction>."ball-and-socket joint." ball-and-socket joint. N.p., n.d. Web.
24 Feb. 2014. <http://www.daviddarling.info/encyclopedia/B/ball-and-socket_joint.html>.
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“Tendon." tendon. N.p., n.d. Web. 24 Feb. 2014. <http://www.daviddarling.info/encyclopedia/T/tendon.html>.