The 8 Essential Functions
CJ-7 Training and Exercises (TREX)
Content
1. The 8 EF’s
(know what are they and why were they developed)
2. Alignment EF’s with ASI/ANSF
(know it is not an isolated CF-system)
3. Process Maps
(know what they look like)
Background
• Security Force Assistance (SFA) matured from 5 Functional
Pillars (FPs) to 8 Essential Functions (EFs);
• 5 Pillars too tactically focused (fight the war)
• 8 Essential Functions necessary to (sustain the ANSF)
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EFs integrate advisors @ ministerial, institutional, & fielded force levels
Achieve ASI/ANSF sustainability
Focus GIRoA/CF problem-solving
Maintain IC support
Enable ASI/ANSF to fight insurgency
Enable withdrawal of CF
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CONCEPT OF OPS
• The 8 EFs are Afghan system focus areas. These
functions are interdependent and, taken as a whole,
contribute to Afghan sustainability. They span across
all levels of conflict, from the tactical to the strategic.
• Each Essential Function consists of Afghan systems,
processes, and organizations necessary to implement
the function. These systems, processes, and
organizations have friction points, which prevent
efficient flow of information and resources.
• Advisors focus on influencing these processes;
however advisors should not directly impact the
process. Afghan sustainability must evolve in a way
that allows for enduring progress.
From 5 Pillars to 8 Essential Functions
EF 1
PPBE
EF 4
Force Gen
EF 5
Sustainment
EF 6
ESC
EF 2
TAO
EF 7
Intelligence
EF 3
CivGov/RoL
Sustainment
Training
CAI / ILS
Leadership
C2
EF 8
StratComm
The processes found in
the 5 Functional Pillars
were re-assigned to the
8 Essential Functions
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NATO/ISAF UNCLASSIFIED
The 8 Essential Functions
The 8 Essential Functions provide the framework and desired
outcomes in target areas to achieve Afghan sustainability.
Each EF contains a series of Afghan processes with tactical,
operational, and strategic characteristics, all of which may have
interactions across other EFs.
This multi-echelon level of advising and cross-functional coordination
allows analysis of Afghan process issues through multiple lenses.
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NATO/ISAF UNCLASSIFIED
Essential Functions 1 - 4
Plan, Program, Budget and Execute; generate requirements,
develop a resource informed budget and execute a spend
plan. (PPBE)
IC SUPPORT
Internal controls to assure Transparency, Accountability, and
Oversight. (TAO)
Civilian governance of the ASI, including adherence to the
Rule of Law. (ROL)
Force Generate; recruit, train, retain, manage and develop a
professional ANSF. (FORGEN)
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NATO/ISAF UNCLASSIFIED
Essential Functions 5 - 8
FACILITATE
AIM
Sustain the force through effective facilities management,
maintenance, medical, and logistics systems. (SUSTAIN)
Plan, resource and execute effective security campaigns and
operations. (ESC)
Sufficient Intelligence capabilities and processes. (INTEL)
ENABLE
Maintain internal and external Strategic Communication
capabilities. (STRAT COMM)
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NATO/ISAF UNCLASSIFIED
2. Alignment with ASI/ANSF priorities
NATO/ISAF UNCLASSIFIED
2. EF alignment with MOD / MOI
MINDEF Priorities
1. Win the current fight
Essential Function Priorities
2. Long-term sustainment
of the Force
ESSENTIAL FUNCTION 2 – Transparency, Accountability, and Oversight
1 ISAF identify ASI/ANSF individual(s) responsible for TAO, individuals responsible for
development and/or compliance with internal controls, oversight organizations and their
authorities; Ministers review/approve/advocate for current or new authorizations for
oversight organizations
3. Facilitate a peaceful
political transition
2 MoI/MoD establish an empowered Ministerial Internal Controls Program (MICP). Focus on
unit readiness, effectiveness, review of controls. Reports inform IC for
Chicago/TMAF/Commitment Letter compliance
4. Close the capability
Gaps
5. Develop border
security strategy
6. Develop leaders /
Educate the force
7. Implement viable
counter-corruption
program
8. Strengthen institutional
capacity
9. Individual and
collective training at
the unit level
10. Budget Development
and Execution
MININT Priorities
1. Post Election Security
2. Highway & Convoy
Security
3. Provincial Security
3 ASI/ANSF leaders conduct a review of critical financial & non-financial processes, assess
current controls; Implement a plan to strengthen or establish new controls
4. Budget Execution &
Development
ESSENTIAL FUNCTION 3 – Rule of Law
5. Ministerial / Political
Transition
1 Monitor, report, investigate and adjudicate allegations of GVHR and EJV/EJK; internal
disciplinary matters
2 Use of ANSF internal disciplinary procedures to investigate and adjudicate violations
3 Encourage institutionalization and effectuation of professionalization training (including on
new laws), to facilitate coordination and communication between ANSF and Rule of Law
actors, and to establish effective and transparent criminal and disciplinary systems.
ESSENTIAL FUNCTION 4 – Force generate, recruit, train, retain, manage, and develop a
professional ANSF
1 Support ANA clarification of the roles, C2, structure, resourcing (including training gap
analysis) and relationship of Corps Training Kandaks and Branch Schools.
2 TED COMD established/define roles/ responsibilities of training & education enterprise
leadership
3 Strengthen TGC C2 over ANP training enterprise
4 Educate ANA about strategic management capability of AHRIMS & build confidence in
automated personnel processes
ESSENTIAL FUNCTION 8 - STRATCOM
1. Sustain Security News Desk capability
2. Sustain School of Public Affairs
3. Sustain AIDO capability
4. Train ANA leaders on IO capabilities
5. Sustain GMIC capacity
6. Fight against
Corruption
7. Logistics and
Sustainment
8. Inter-ministerial
Security Coordination
9. International Standards
10. Professionalization of
MoI
2. PRIORITIES FOR MoI/MoD
Example as of : 12 Aug 2014
MoI as at 12 Aug 14
MoD as at 17 Jul 14
Priority
CoGS Priorities
OPR
OPR
1. Close
Win the current fight – defeat the insurgency
EF 6
2. Deep
Long-term sustainment of the force
EF 5
3. Deep
Facilitate a peaceful political transition
EF 3
4. Close
Close the capability gaps
EF 4/6
5. Close
Develop border security strategy
EF 6
6. Deep
Develop leaders / educate the force
EF 4
7. Deep
Implement viable counter-corruption program
EF 2/3
8. Deep
Strengthen institutional capacity
N/A
9. Close
Priorities
MINDEF Priorities
Priorities
Individual and collective training at the unit level
CoGS Priorities
EF 4
OPR
1. Close
Sustained security operations
EF 6
4. Deep
Base transition and security
EF 5
2. Close
ANA support to movement of election materials
EF 6
5. Close
Addressing capability gaps
EF 4,6
3. Close
Inauguration Security
EF 6
6. Close
Sustaining current capabilities – logistics, maintenance,
supply
EF 5
NATO/ISAF UNCLASSIFIED
3. Process Maps
Maybe western visualization of Afghan processes but:
- Are being made by former advisors ICCW Afghan counterparts
- Visualize extensive advisor efforts
- Are the best tool available to investigate and solve problems
- Are the means to minimize patronage/regional influence on Afghan
systems
- Are essential for nation building
- Are essential to achieve sustaining ANSF
ANNEX B in Guide!
NATO/ISAF UNCLASSIFIED
EF 4 Force Generation
NATO/ISAF UNCLASSIFIED
B 15 Process Map
EF 5 Force Sustainment
NATO/ISAF UNCLASSIFIED
B 19 Process Map
References
Terms of Reference for Operationalizing Functionally-Based Security Force Assistance
http://portal.hq.ms.isaf.nato.int/DCOSOPS/CJ3/CJ%2035/SFAFUSION/default.aspx
Operationalization of Functionally Based Security Force Assistance Handbook v 1.1
http://workspace.hq.ms.isaf.nato.int/IHQ/DCOSOPS/CJ3/SFA_Fusion_Cell/Documents/ISAF/08_SF
A_Key_Documents/Operationalization_of_FB_SFA_Handbook_Version_1.1.pdf
FRAGO 1001-2014 Operationalization of FB-SFA
http://workspace.hq.ms.isaf.nato.int/IHQ/RecordsCentre/Documents/2014/20140607-NIU-IHQFRAGO-1001-2014_Operationalizing_FB-SFA.pdf
RS Security Force Assistance Guide 3.0
http://workspace.hq.ms.isaf.nato.int/IHQMM/CGHQ/CAAT/Documents/BiSC/FBSFA%20Rollout%20-%20Jul2014/2014.07.02.SFA%203.0%20Final%20v2.pdf
SFA Centre Portal
http://portal.hq.ms.isaf.nato.int/DCOSOPS/CJ%2035/SFAFUSION/default.aspx
SFA Collaboration Site
http://portal.hq.ms.isaf.nato.int/CGHQ/CAAT/SFA_Collaboration_Site/default.aspx
CAAT Portal
http://portal.hq.ms.isaf.nato.int/CGHQ/CAAT/default.aspx
NATO/ISAF UNCLASSIFIED