Date: October 27, 2015
Aim #21: What functions do proteins serve to living
organisms?
Do Now: Warm-Up Notebook
Date
10/27
Title of Activity
Lipids
Page #
36
HW:
1) Castle Learning
2)Guided Reading 2-3 due day of test
3)Biochemistry Test- Thursday 10/29 & Friday 10/30 (day of
double period)
4)Quarterly Exam- next Thursday 11/5 & Friday 11/6 (day of
double period)
What is another category of organic molecules?
Proteins
1) Proteins have many functions:
Proteins are enzymes,
found in cell membrane,
make up antibodies, and
much more
2) What are the building blocks of
proteins?
Proteins are made up
of polymers of amino acids
Each amino acid monomer, consists of a central
carbon atom bonded to 4 partners.
3) The four parts of an amino acid:
1)Backbone- the carbon hydrogen bond
2)Carboxyl Group (COOH)- a group with acidic
properties.
3) Amine Group (NH2)- a group with basic properties
4) R-Group- distinguishes one amino acid from
another (there are 20 R-groups & 20 amino acids)
4) What are Functional Groups:
Carboxyl groups and amino groups are classified
as Functional Groups.
Functional Groups are groups of atoms that
interact with other atoms/molecules in
predictable ways
5) How many amino acids are there?
There are only 20 amino
acids, but there are
millions of different
types of proteins.
6) How do we build proteins?
The functional groups of proteins interact with each
other to form polymers of amino acids (proteins).
Dehydration
Synthesis
A PEPTIDE
BOND is
formed
7) What are Polypeptides?
Polypeptides are chains of amino acids
Proteins are long chains of polypeptides
8) What determines protein shape?
1)The sequence (order) of amino acids in a
protein determine its shape
2) The shape of a protein determines its activity
9) What are the four levels of protein
structure?
a) Primary Structure- sequence of
amino acids
b) Secondary Structure- coiling or
folding of polypeptide chain due to
hydrogen bonding
c) Tertiary Structure- 3-D structure
of polypeptide chain secured by
several different interactions
d) Quaternary Structure- consists
of more than one amino acid chain
10) What does Denaturation mean?
An unfavorable change in
temperature, pH, or some
other quality of the
environment can cause a
protein to unravel and
lose its normal shape
Denatured proteins do not function properly!
11) What are types of proteins in our
bodies?
a) Antibodies- defend body
against disease
11) What are types of proteins in our
bodies?
b) Collagen-most abundant
protein in mammals
– Main component of connective tissue
– Supports most tissues and gives cell
structure from the outside
– Main component of cartilage,
ligaments, tendons, bones, and teeth
– Gives skin strength and elasticity
– Strengthens blood vessels
– Used in cosmetic surgery and burn
treatment
11) What are types of proteins in our
bodies?
c) Hemoglobin- carries oxygen
in our blood
11) What are types of proteins in our
bodies?
d) Cell Receptors- involved in
cell communication
11) What are types of proteins in our
bodies?
e) Enzymes- control metabolic
activities
11) What types of proteins are in our
bodies?
f) Hormones
Example:
– insulin-decreases blood sugar
level by making cells take in
glucose