Monday October 29th
List 3-5 things you learned about
Joseph Stalin from the video. What
do you think propaganda means?
Is an ALLEGORY of the
Russian Revolution
Allegory: a literary work that
has hidden meaning
beneath the literal meaning
of the story, poem, or play.
•
•
Allegory usually relies
heavily on symbolism to
teach a lesson or explain an
idea.
The characters in an
allegory often stand for
abstract ideas or concepts.
Dystopia: A very
flawed world
Utopia: A perfect world
The Romanovs
Small group of elite,
wealthy people that
controlled Russia for
300 years
The economy was
changing…
•
•
Industrial Revolution
•
Food
Shortages/Inflation
•
Years of Mistreatment
of Lower Class
Creation of the Middle
Class
1.
2.
3.
4.
Collective
Ownership/Means of
Production
All People Are Equal
“Religion is the Opiate of
the Masses”
The State Must
Crumble/All Bourgeoisies
are enemies
5. All people work to their own
ability
1917- Czar Nicholas II was
overthrown by
THE Intelligencia and
THE BOLSHEVIKS
(Vladimir Ilych Lenin)
 All land was taken by the
Government and given to
Proletariats (working
man)
 Every man, woman, and
child worked for their own
food and materials.
 The wealthy were either
exiled or their wealth was
taken and distributed back
to the people.
1. THE SECRET POLICE:
CHEKA
2. THE REDS vs THE WHITES
•
OPPOSED TO SUCH
REVOLUTIONARY TACTICS
•
SOUGHT TO FREE THE
CAPTIVE CZAR AND HIS
FAMILY BEFORE THEY
COULD BE FREED
ALL wealthy should be killed
at all costs. Secret police
began attacking and killing the
wealthy and all farmers that
refused to hand over property
COMMUNISTS vs. COMMUNIST
INTERNATIONALE
RUSSIA IN CIVIL WAR
RED ARMY
(COMMUNISTS)TROTSKY
WHITE ARMY
(TRADITIONALISTS)
He was very concerned about
creating a free universal
health care system for all,
the rights of women, and
teaching the illiterate
Russian people to
read and write.
 INCREASES SECRET
POLICE
 JOINS COMMUNIST
INTERNATIONALE
 FIVE YEAR PLANS
 MODERNIZED BUT LOST
LIVES
 BANNED ALL
INTELLECTUAL/IDEALISM
 STARTED WORK CAMPS
 GULOG: PRISON CAMPS
The Gulags
STALIN WAS SO Paranoid
HE…
•
FORCED PEOPLE TO
CONFESS TO CRIMES
•
EXILED TROTSKY/OTHER
LEADERS
•
•
•
•
KILLED ALL ARMY GENERALS
MYTHOLOGIZED HIMSELF
CONTROLLED THE MEDIA
FOLLOWERS BELIEVED HE
WAS HELPING
•
Hitler AND STALIN ARE
ALLIES
•
HITLER TURNS ON STALIN
AND ATTACKS RUSSIA
•
•
ENGLAND SENDS BACKUP
STALIN DEFEATS
GERMANY…with help of
US and Britain
Media designed to
influence public
opinion on a social
or political issue,
often by appealing to
fear or prejudice
•
•
•
•
Word Games
False Connections
Special Appeals
Logical Fallacies
Name calling:
- links a person or idea to a
negative symbol
- hope that audience will reject
the person or idea based on the
symbol rather than available
evidence
- most obvious kind involves bad
names
- more subtle involves words that
possess a negative or emotional
charge
-anything come to mind?
Words politicians were told to use about their opponents
Betray
Coercion
Collapse
Consequences
Corruption
Crisis
Decay
Deeper
Destroy
Destructive
Devour
Endanger
Failure
Greed
Hypocrisy
Ideological
Impose
Incompetent
Insecure
Liberal
Lie
Limit(s)
Pathetic
Permissive attitude
Radical
Self-serving
Sensationalists
Shallow
Sick
They/them
Threaten
Traitors
Unionized
bureaucracy
Urgent
Waste
Glittering generalities:
- name calling in reverse
- make the audience approve and
accept without examining the
evidence
- Using emotionally charged
words
- Make something unpleasant
seem more acceptable
This is the list of "positive, governing words" that
candidates were told to use when speaking about
themselves or their policies.
Activist
Building
Care(ing)
Challenge
Change
Children
Choice
Citizen
Commitment
Common
sense
Compete
Confident
Conflict
Control
Courage
Crusade
Debate
Dream
Duty
Eliminate
good-time
in prison
Empower(
ment)
Fair
Family
Freedom
Hard
work
Help
Humane
Incentive
Initiative
Lead
Learn
Legacy
Liberty
Light
Listen
Mobilize
Moral
Movement
Opportunity
Passionate
Peace
Pioneer
Precious
Premise
Preserve
Principle
Pristine
Pro-(issue) flag,
children,
environment
Prosperity
Protect
Proud/pride
Provide
Reform
Rights
Share
Strength
Success
Tough
Truth
Unique
Vision
We/us/our
Workfare
Transfer:
- Using things people accept to
get the public to accept
something else
- symbols constantly used
- an idea or program should not
be accepted or rejected simply
because it has been linked to a
symbol/something else
Testimonial:
- a statement that gives evidence
to the truth, excellence of
something
- a qualified source can often be
used to construct a fair argument
- often used to be unfair and
misleading
- misuse in citing individuals
who are not qualified to make
judgments about a particular
issue
•
Plain folks:
speakers attempt to convince
their audience that they, and
their ideas, are“of the
people”
•
Band wagon:
False sense of a rush to join
something that doesn’t truly
exist
“everyone else is doing it, and
so should you”
Fear:
- warn audience that disaster will
result if they don’t follow a
particular course of action
Four elements for a successful
fear campaign:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Threat
Specific recommendation of
how to behave
Perception that
recommendation will reduce
threat
Perception that the audience is
capable to performing the
behavior
Bad logic:
- logic is the process of drawing a
conclusion from one or more
ideas/facts
- propagandists intentionally
manipulate logic in order to
promote their cause
Unwarranted extrapolation:
- extrapolation is a tendency to
make huge predictions about the
future on the basis of a few facts
- such predictions often form the
basis for an effective fear-appeal
•
You should be aware of the
message the media sends to
you and how they do it.
•
In Animal Farm, you should be
aware of the messages the
animals are being given by the
pigs, how the pigs are giving
the messages, and how the
animals are responding to the
messages.
Czar Nicholas II – poor
leader; cruel, sometimes
brutal with opponents;
sometimes kind – hired
students as spies to make
money
Karl Marx – invented
Communism; “workers of
the world unite” and take
over government; dies
before Russian Revolution
Leon Trotsky – other leader
of “October Revolution”;
pure communist – followed
Marx; wanted to improve life
for all in Russian; chased
away by Lenin’s KGB
Joseph Stalin – “devil
genius”; not a good
speaker, not educated like
Trotsky; twenty-five year
reign of fear in Russia
•
Details: supposed to fix problems under Czar (poverty,
inequality, etc.) but life became even worse after
revolution.
(Stalin makes Czar look like a good guy)
•
Communism: no owners, no rich, but no poor; all people
equal; government owns everything/people
•
Lenin’s propaganda department: worked for Stalin to
support his image; used any lie to convince people to
follow Stalin; benefited from the fact that education was
controlled
•
KGB/Secret Police: not really police, but forced support
for Stalin; used force, often killed entire families for
disobedience; totally loyal, part of Lenin’s power, even
over army
•
Religion: Marx said “Opiate of the people” (a lie); used
to make people not complain and do their work; tolerated
because people would work; Stalin knew religion would
stop violent counterrevolution
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Vain, selfish people in Russia and world
Dedicated, but tricked communist supporters
Skeptical people in and outside of Russia