Stalin and the U.S.S.R.

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Stalin and the

U.S.S.R.

War Communism

• Campaign to extract “surplus” wheat

• Campaign against “Kulaks”

• Results –

– Grain decline from 78 million tons (1913) to 48 million (1920)

– Kronsdat Naval Base mutiny 1921

– Famine kills 5 million plus

– Helps success of Civil War

Union of Soviet Socialist Republics

Post Civil War challenges

• Famine

• Reluctance of peasants to collectivize

• Industrial backwardness

Lenin’s Policies

•New Economic Policy

•Comintern

Joseph Stalin 1879-1953

• Djugashvili

• Head of communist party secretariat

Leon Trotsky

Stalin’s Ascension

• How did Stalin achieve power?

– General Secretary of Party

– Party “nomenclature”

– Isolates Trotsky

– Isolates Kamenev and Zinoviev

Competing Visions

• Trotsky

• Communist

International

(Comintern)

• Stalin

• “Socialism in One

Country”

Lenin’s concerns:

• “Stalin is too rude, and his fault… becomes unbearable in the office of

General Secretary. Therefore, I propose to the comrades to find a way to remove Stalin from that position and appoint it to another man.”

“Socialism in One

Country”

• What would Stalin need to do to strengthen the

Soviet Union?

Collectivization

• End of New Economic

Policy 1928

• …join a kolkhoz or face deportation or death...

Results

• Destruction of animals / crops

• Targetting kulaks / others

• 14 million dead 28 - 32

• Ukrainian famine 1933

Industrialization: The 5 year plans

• “We are 50 to 100 years behind the advanced countries. We must make good this distance in 10 years…or we shall be crushed”

5 year plans

• What would be the most important goals for industrial development?

• How could the Soviet

Union achieve them?

Propaganda

Aleksei Stakhanov

Gulags

Degree of Success of 5 year plans / collectivization

Take notes on plans

• Write a paragraph expressing an opinion

TWE the policies were successful /15 Due:

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