COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW FOR FINAL TEST
1. Name the four quadrants of the body.
2. List the planes of the body and how it divides the body.
3. List, in order from smallest to largest, the levels of organization of the body.
4. Explain the difference between anatomy and physiology.
5. What is a pivot joint? A ball and socket joint? Hinge joint? (name one and explain their actions.
6. What is a fibrous or immoveable joint?
7. What muscle group extends the knee? Flexes the knee?
8. What is the disease where muscle tissue is replaced with fat and fibrous tissue?
9. What is Homeostasis?
10. What are three examples of POSITIVE FEEDBACK? Three examples of negative feedback?
11. Review directional terms.
12. Review body cavities and be able to label them from a lateral view.
13. What is the genetic condition where blood lacks clotting factor?
14. Review the parts of a cell and be able to identify them on a diagram.
15. What is the power house of the cell?
16. What are transport structures in the cell?
17. What is a structure that produce proteins?
18. What the control center of a cell?
19. What is stores, packages and delivers proteins?
20. What are holes in a bone called?
21. Which is the largest lymphoid organ? What are some of it’s functions?
22. What is the white part of the eye called? What tunic is it part of?
23. What disorder is characterized by the lungs filing up with pus or fluid?
24. What structure forms the Adam’s apple?
25. Which type of muscle tissue is in hollow structures of the body?
26. Be able to identify body cavities from anterior view and organs therein.
27. Which part of the brain controls balance and coordination?
28. What is CSF and where is it located?
29. What are the formed elements in blood?
30. What is the difference between a thrombus and embolus?
31. What cells are responsible for the synthesis of antibodies?
32. In what type of vessel does nutrient exchange take place?
33. What are the structures in the urinary system?
34. What are the three stages of hemostasis?
35. Review pictures of blood cells be able to identify them from pictures.
36. What type of cell does HIV infect?
37. What are the five parts of a feedback system?
38. Be able to define directional terms.
39. What does the word cervix in the woman mean?
40. Be able to Label the following in the female reproductive tract: Cervix, Uterine Tube, Ovary, Fundus of Uterus,
Endometrium, Fimbriae, Ampulla, and Infundibulum
41. Where is urine formed?
42. What is the functional unit of kidney? Be able to identify parts of this structure and what happens in each
structure.
43. What is the name of the inner lining of the uterus? What is it called when this lining grows where it shouldn’t?
44. What does the gall bladder store and where is it made?
45. Be able to identify liver and gall bladder on a diagram.
46. What causes an ulcer and how is it treated?
47. What bone markings are found only on the femur?
48. Be able to name each tissue type and identify the type of tissue from a picture of that tissue.
49. What is the pH Scale? What is the pH of blood?
50. What type of discharge does gonorrhea create?
51. What does syphilis look like?
52. What is the definition of incontinence?
53. What breaks down fats?
54. What is hepatitis?
55. Where is the gall bladder and what does it do?
56. What is an ion? What are the major ions (electrolytes) of the body?
57. What are the three words for the elimination of urine?
58. When is a developing baby called a fetus?
59. What type of cell division creates gametes?
60. What is the definition of peristalsis? Where does it occur?
61. What is the difference between active and passive transport? Which goes against the gradient? Describe two
examples of each.
62. Put these compounds into the correct column:
Carbohydrates, water, oxygen, lipids, proteins, DNA(nucleic acid)
ORGANIC
INORGANIC
63. What happens during the first stage of labor, the second stage, and the third?
64. Plasma is what part of blood?
65. Name each of the parts of blood.
66. What is hemoglobin?
67. Mastication is the name for what?
68. What are the three parts of the small intestine?
69. What is an aneurysm?
70. What is the common name for tetanus?
71. Where are the adrenal glands located? Which part secretes adrenaline (epinephrine?)
72. What is acromegaly? When does it occur?
73. Carbon dioxide is the stimulus for what?
74. Trace the pathway of air as it enters the body.
75. What are the air sacs in the lungs called?
76. What is external respiration?
77. What is internal respiration?
78. What is fluid in the alveoli called? What is it called when the alveoli loose their elasticity?
79. The SA node is what part of the heart?
80. List the 5 parts of conduction of the heart.
81. What is hemophilia?
82. How do you define blood pressure?
83. What are the five types of white blood cells?
84. Be able to identify leukocyte blood cells by looking at diagrams of them.
85. Where would you find the pleural membrane?
(it is a serous membrane)
86. What is a serous membrane and what are the structures in this membrane?
87. Where does nutrient exchange take place in the cardiovascular system?
88. What is emphysema?
89. What is SIDS?
90. What are cataracts?
91. What are the three layers of the meninges? Be able to identify the layers on a diagram.
92. Which gland is responsible for metabolism and what hormone comes from this gland?
93. What is glaucoma?
94. What is the name of the valve between the right atrium and right ventricle?
95. Describe myocardial infarction—what it is and where it happens.
96. What are three differences between arteries, veins and capillaries?
97. Be able to write out the pathway of blood through the heart.
98. What is the abbreviation for a stroke and what do the letters mean?
99. The brain stem has three parts. What are they? Be able to identify these on a diagram.
100. Where are the midbrain, pons and medulla?
101. The inner ear is responsible for what two things?
102. Review ear structures and make sure you can identify them on a diagram.
103. What is in the middle ear?
104. List the regions of the brain from the largest to the smallest.
105. What is the iris of the eye made up of and what does it do?
106. What are the parts of a neuron?
107. What is Neuroglia?
108. What are the four types in the CNS?
109. What are the two types in the PNS?
110. Why is the pituitary called the Master gland?
111. List all of the endocrine glands you can think of and their functions.
112. What type of membrane doesn’t open to the outside?
113. What type of membrane opens to the outside?
114. What does the name agonist mean when referring to muscles?
115. Which is the origin of the muscle? The insertion?
116. Which is attached to moveable bone? Immoveable?
117. Which is the proximal attachment? The distal attachment?
118. Which bone does not have any connections with any other bones? Where is this located?
119. What is a lateral curvature of the thoracic vertebrae called?
120. What is the purpose of the epiglottis?
121. What is the sliding filament theory of muscle contraction?
123. Be able to describe glaucoma by recognizing it on a diagram.
124. What is a foramen?
125. Be sure to be able to label all the sutures and bones of the skull—both the cranium and facial bones.
126. Be able to label all the bones on a skeleton.
127. Where are the trochanters located?
128. What is the 1st part of small intestine?
129. What are three characteristics of cardiac muscle?
130. What is the function of the quadriceps, gastrocnemius, deltoid and trapezius muscles?
131. What is fibromyalgia?
132. What does a synergist do?
133. What is the definition of the origin of a muscle?
134. Where does gas exchange take place in the lungs?
135. What are the three layers skin?
136. What are the planes of the body and how are they divided?
137. What is scoliosis?
138. Which quadrant holds the liver, the gall bladder, spleen, stomach?
139. What is a sebaceous gland?
140. Where do exocrine glands secrete substances? What are some examples?
141. What is the condition where the liver changes and becomes fatty?
142. What structure connects bone to bone?
143. Which bone cell breaks down the bone matrix?
144. What bone doesn’t articulate with any other bone?
145. What are the names of thick and thin elements muscle contraction?
146. Which type of muscle tissue has intercalated disks and gap junctions?
147. What is this condition characterized by chronic pain in muscles and soft tissues around joints?
148. When is a muscle called an Agonist? What is it an antagonist?
149. What are four functions of the muscular system?
150. What muscle group extends the knee?
151. What is the midbrain, pons and medulla?
152. REVIEW THE MUSCLES FROM MUSCLES UNIT LOCATION & ACTION
Bisceps-triceps-sternocleidomastoid-trapezius-deltoid-latissimus dorsi-diaphragm-pectoralis major-gastrocnemiusquadriceps-hamstrings-gluteus maximus
153. What are the two divisions of the nervous system? What is contained in them?
154. What are the lobes of the brain?
155. What is the order of the three processes of urine production?
156. What does the temporal lobe do?
157. Where is the vestibule, the semicircular canal and the cochlea located?
158. What is the tympanic membrane? What is the name of the outer ear?
159. What is the pigmented area of the eye and what does it do?
160. What are the triangle shaped organs on the kidneys?
161. What causes acromegaly?
162. What is the thyroid hormone that influences metabolism and metabolic rate?
163. What gland is the master gland? Why is it called that?
164. What is the name of the disease where the body cannot regulate blood sugar?
165. What valve is found between the Left atrium and the Left ventricle?
166. What is vessel coming from the Rt ventricle going to the lungs?
167. What are the three layers of tissue of the heart?
168. What is the name of the main muscle tissue of the heart?
169. Where is the radial pulse found? Why is it important?
170. What is valve in the vessel coming from the left ventricle going to the body?
171. What is the primary pace maker of the heart?
172. Which serous membrane surrounds the heart?
173. What is the genetic condition where blood lacks clotting factor?
174. In what type of vessel does nutrient exchange take place?
175. Be able to recognize an aneurysm from a picture of one.
176. What causes this shape erythrocyte?
177. Be able to identify an embolus and thrombus from a picture of each.
178. What is the gas exchange between the capillaries and body cells?
179. What do you call the air that you breath in and out during normal breathing?
180. Where does gas exchange occur within the lungs?
181. What is the cerebrum, corpus collosum and cerebellum?
182. What is muscular dystrophy?
183. What are the three parts of the small intestine?
184. List, in order, the parts of the large intestine.
185. What is peristalsis?
186. What does salivary amylase break down? How does it change it?
187. Name the digestive accessory organs.
188. What does bile do and where is it secreted? Where is it stored? Where is it made?
189. What is the name for chewing?
180. What is the primary stimulus for breathing?
181. What is the term for swallowing?
182. What are pepsin, hydrocloric acid and mucous parts of in the digestive system?
183. Name the layers of a tooth.
184.What does pepsin chemically digest and where does it do it?
185. What system is responsible for changes during puberty?
186. What is vessel coming from the Lt ventricle going to the body?
187. Be able to label the structures of a kidney.
188. What are the three processes in urine production?
189. What should not be present in a urinalysis? Glucose? Creatine? Urea? Bilirubin? Few ketone bodies? Microbes?
Red blood cells? Leukocytes? Large amounts of ketones? Uric acid?
190. What are the structures in the urinary system?
191. Which kidney structure is responsible for filtration?
192. Which urinary structure stores urine?
193. What is the inability to control urination voluntarily?
194. What is the eustachian tube? What is name of the bones of middle ear?
195. What is the pathway of sperm through male reproductive system?
196. What neuroglial cell is the blood-brain barrier?
197. What neuroglial cell is responsible for the production of myelin in the CNS?
198. What neuroglial cell is responsible for producing myelin in the PNS?
199. What neuroglial cell is responsible for the circulation of the CSF?
200. What neuroglial cell is responsible for cleaning up debris in the CNS?
201. What male accessory organs contribute to semen?
202. What stage of labor does dilation and effacement occur?
203. What is the narrow opening of the uterus called?
204. Which type of cellular division forms gametes?
205. What hormone is responsible for maintaining the uterine lining during pregnancy?
206. Where is dura mater located?
207. What are cataracts?
208. What is an antigen?
209. Be able to identify bones in both the axial and appendicular skeleton.
210. Where is the pectoral girdle located?
211. What is tidal volume?
212. What bone markings are found only on the femur?
213. Define a thrombus and embolus.
214. What is a skin pressure sore called?
213. What are three properties of water and how it is utilized in the body?
214. What is the pH Scale? What is the pH of blood?
215. What is it called when a woman ends her menstrual cycle?
216. Be able Identify each body cavity from a lateral view.
217. What is it called when an air sac is destroyed by disease?
218. What does an osteoclast do?
219. Which bone cell builds up the bone matrix?
220. The thoracic vertebrae have what attached to them?
221. What happens to a cell placed in a hypotonic solution?
222. Review and study what happens to a cell placed in an isotonic solution and a hypertonic solution.
223. What is actin in a muscle cell?
224. What is a serous membrane?
225. What is active transport?
226. What is a synovial membrane?
227. What are the four major elements of the body?
228. What is ATP and where is it stored?
229. What does connective tissue do?
230. Review the parts of the cell
231. When an action must stop to regain homeostasis, this is called what?
232. The umbilicus divides what in the body?
233. What organs are in the upper left quadrant of the body?
234. If a particle has a positive or negative charge it is called a (an)
235. List the levels of organization of the body from smallest to largest.
236. What is the difference between a midsaggital and a saggital plane?
237. What is the difference between filtration, reabsorption, and secretion as it happens in the nephron and where
does each take place?
238. What is oogenesis and where does it occur?
239. What is spermatogenesis and where does it occur?
240. What are the three regions of the axial skeleton?
241. What are the three regions of the appendicular skeleton?
242. How many cervical vertebrae are there? Thoracic? Lumbar?
243. Describe all the parts of a long bone.
244. What is an osteon?
245. Where is red bone marrow located and what is produced there?
246.
What is a reflex arc? What are the five parts of it?
247. What is myopia?
248. What is rubella?
249. What is the hole in the eye called? What does it do?
250. Which type of muscle tissue has intercalated disks and gap junctions?
251. What digests fats? Where does that happen?
252. What is lockjaw?
253. How is a suture different from a fontanel?
254. What happens to the nerves in MS?
255. What is the difference between diastole and systole of the heart?
Use this website for self quizzes and study aids! Especially go to the Quiz Bowl for diagram help.
http://msjensen.cehd.umn.edu/webanatomy