Chemical Nomenclature-naming
chemical compounds
Mr. Guerrero, LFHS
Elements- made up of a single type of
atom.
• Monatomic elements-atoms exist as
individuals.
• Diatomic elements- atoms exist as
pairs(molecules). The atoms pair up to
complete each others energy level with
valence electrons. The diatomic elements are:
H2, N2, O2, F2, Cl2, Br2, I2, At2
Compounds-composed of 2 or more
elements that are chemically combined.
• Binary Covalent Compounds: 2 nonmetals only.
• Name: prefix nonmetal prefix nonmetal-ide
• Fromula: NXNY X = prefix, Y = prefix
Atoms
1
2
3
4
5
Prefix
monoditritetrapenta-
Atoms Prefix
6
hexa7
hepta8
Oct9
Non10 Dec-
Binary Covalent Compounds(nonmetal+nonmetal)
Formula
Name
N2O
NO2
CO2
CO
Carbon tetrachloride
Trichlorine pentafluoride
Dichlorine trioxide
SF6
Tetraphosphorus decaoxide
• Binary Ionic Compounds: Metal + Nonmetal
• Name: metal nonmetal-ide
(Cation) (Anion)
Formula: MXNY X & Y are found with the charges.
Binary Ionic Compounds(metal+nonmetal)
Formula
Name
Na2S
MgCl2
K2O
CaBr2
Aluminum oxide
Potassium sulfide
Strontium nitride
MgF2
Calcium sulfide
K3P
Lithium chloride
Multivalent Cations: +1/+2 Cu
+2/+3 Cr-Ni
+2/+4 Sn & Pb
• Formula
Complete:
Name
iron(III) chloride
iron(II) chloride
CuO
Cu2O
Chromium(III) sulfide
Chromium(II) sulfide
SnO
SnO2
Nickel(II) nitride
Nickel(III) oxide
Polyatomic Ions- a +/– group of atoms
Polyatomic Ions short-cuts
• P-block ________-ate polyatomic ions
borate
chlorate
sulfate
nitrate
aluminate
phosphate
iodate
carbonate
aluminate
tellurate
bromate
arsenate
selenate
silicate
(orthosilicate)
Polyatomic Ions-ate relatives
Prefix
per-
suffix
-ite
hypoHydrogen(bi-)
Dihydrogen
Thio-
Meaning
one more O
one less O
one less O
combine a H+
combine 2 H+’s
replace an O w/ a S
Guided & Ind. Practice-See Resource file
Pre-AP chem.polyatomic_ions_worksheetcomplete(adobe file)
Naming Acids
All acids are HX
H+ cation, X- anion
Name X- If X- has no O hydro-_____-ic acid
If X- ends in –ate _______-ic acid
If X- ends in –ite _______-ous acid
Acids:
Formula
HClO4
HClO3
HClO2
HClO
HCl
HNO2
HNO3
HF
HC2H3O2
Name
Formula
Name
carbonic acid
hydrobromic acid
sulfurous acid
chromic acid
chromous acid
hydrocyanic acid
boric acid
phosphorous acid
Percent Composition = ----------x 100
Find the percent of each element in:
K2CO3
(NH4)3PO4
Percent Composition = ----------x 100
Find the percent of each element in:
Na2SO4
Mg3(PO3)2
Mass spectrometer-a device that can find the
percentage of each element in a compound.
A mass spectrometer experiment yielded a
substance to be 39.99% C, 6.73% H, and the rest
oxygen. The molar mass is 90.09g/mol.
Find the empirical and molecular formulas.
An experiment found a substance to be
36.72%C, 6.18%H, & the rest nitrogen. The
molar mass is 196 g/mol. Find the empirical and
molecular formula.
• An Experiment yielded a substance to be 44.5% S,
and the rest oxygen. The molar mass is 288 g/mol.
Find the empirical and molecular formula.