"Split Where Interaction Should
Happen", a model for designing
CSCL scripts
Pierre Dillenbourg, Patrick Jermann, Fabien Girardin
CRAFT
Centre de recherche et d’Appui
pour la Formation et ses technologies
ÉCOLE POLYTECHNIQUE
FÉDÉRALE DE LAUSANNE
Conflict resolution
Argumentation
Collaboration
?
Negociation
Mutual regulation
Explanation
Preventive
Structure
Reactive
Regulate
Tutoring
Learning
Teamframes : pedagogical project management
Guest login at: http://teamframes.epfl.ch/
Conflict resolution
Argumentation
Collaboration
?
Negociation
Learning
Mutual regulation
Explanation
Preventive
Structure
Reactive
Regulate
Tutoring
Group self-regulation
Group self-regulation: Socio-Cognitive Mirrors
Jermann & Dillenbourg
(CRAFT EPFL)
Conflict resolution
Argumentation
Collaboration
?
Negociation
Learning
Mutual regulation
Explanation
Preventive
Structure
Reactive
Regulate
Tutoring
Semi-structured interfaces
Group self-regulation
Structuring Dialogues
I agree
I disagree
Please explain
Let me do it
Are you alive ?
I have an idea
>
Suthers et al (Hawaii)
Baker (Lyon), Jermann (EPFL),
…
Structuring Dialogues
I agree
I disagree
Please explain
Let me do it
Are you alive ?
I have an idea
Please explain why you changed
the speed value ?
Suthers et al (Hawaii)
Baker (Lyon), Jermann (EPFL),
…
Conflict resolution
Argumentation
Collaboration
?
Negociation
Learning
Mutual regulation
Explanation
Preventive
Reactive
Structure
Scripts
Regulate
Tutoring
Group self-regulation
Semi-structured interfaces
The «ArgueGraph » script
Phase1
The «ArgueGraph » script
Phase 2
The «ArgueGraph » script
Phase 3
The «ArgueGraph » script
Phase 4
Theories
Behavioursim
Design choices
Immediate FB
Delayed FB
Microworld FB
Constructivism
Metacognition
Exp 1-3
Exp 4
Coffee-break
1 week
The «Grid» script
The «Grid» script
The «Grid» script
Activités asynchrone:
Ecole d’architecture ETH
Maia Engeli’s: http://bitsandspaces.ethz.ch/
Exemple:
PHASE X
Adapted from the PhaseX script, M. Engeli,
School of Archtitecture, Zurich
« Courseware Design Studio»
AUPELF Inforoutes
«
www.UniverSanté.org»
«
Public
Health
Issues
Cancer
Diabetis
www.UniverSanté.org»
Switzerland Lebanon Tunisia Cameroon
Case 1
Case 1
Case 1
Case 2
Case 2
Case 2
Case 3
Case 3
Case 3
Case 4
Case 4
Case 4
Case 1
Case 2
Case 3
Case 4
…
Berger, A., Moretti, R., Chastonay, Clavien L. P., Dillenbourg, P., Bchir, A.,
Baddoura, R., Bengondo, C., Scherly, D., Ndumbe, P., Farah, P. & Kayser, B.
A CSCL script is a sequence of phases:
• Each phasis is defined by :
• a deadline
• a deliverable  system input
• A set of roles:
• unspecified, complementary (JIGSAW), hierarchical
• fixed ou rotating
• Multiple social planes:
• solo, group, collective
• different communication modes at different planes
• Data flow between planes
CSCL scripts are very different:
• Granularity: low (utterance level) – high (project phase)
• Degree of coercion: low (induced) – high (forced)
• Locus of control (F. Fischer): Internal (to be learned) or simply
played (External)
• Degree of generality. Content-specific, *-specific, *-independent
• What is common between scripts?
What’s inside a CSCL
script ?
What’s the difference
between a CSCL script
and a lesson plan ?
Script ‘ArgueGraph’
Individual
Group
Social
Individual
Group
Social
Community
World
Script ‘ArgueGraph’
Individual
Group
Social
Script ‘ArgueGraph’
Individual
Group
Social
-1
Reference
TASK
+1
5 students + tools
+1
-1
Group
class
student
Design an
engine
Class of 25 students + tools
-1
Class
+1
world
-2
group
student
Write a
newspaper
+1
Reference
-1
Distributed
Cognitive
System
TASK
Reference
TASK
Reciprocal-* Scripts
META
Regulation
interactions
TASK
Conflict-* Scripts
Argumentation
Role 1
Role 2
JIGSAW-* Scripts
SubSet 1
SubSet 2
Explanation
The SWISH model:
Learning results from the interactions
necessary for over-compensating
the drawbacks of task distribution.
Hence, the script must split the system
where interaction should occur.
Script Family
Task Split
Interactions
Reciprocal-*
Meta / Task
Mutual regulation
Conflict-*
Pro / Against
Argumentation
JIGSAW-*
SubSets
Explanation
Challenge-*
Problem / Solution
?
…
…
…
How to SPLIT the system?
Natural differences: form the groups based
on conflicts (of opinion in ArgueGraph)
on complementarity (of knowledge in Ploetzner & Hoppe)
…
Induced differences: create differences among team members based
on pre-collaboration activities (readings, learned strategies …)
on assigned roles (« you are Piaget »)
on differentiated access to information / tools (JIGSAW)
…
Different sub-tasks:
induced by instructions
induced by the interface
The SWISH Model: 7 Axioms
1. The script runs over multiple social planes
2. At the reference level, the task defines the distributed
system.
3. Interactions occur to over-compensate task distribution
4. System plasticity is reinforced by rotating the script
5. Time makes the script structure salient
6. The core system is envelopped with didactic activities
7. The integration means dataflow between activities
Role 1
Mike
Role 2
reference
Mike
Role 2
Lena
Role 1
Lena
The SWISH Model: 7 Axioms
1. The script runs over multiple social planes
2. At the reference level, the task defines the distributed
system.
3. Interactions occur to over-compensate task distribution
4. System plasticity is reinforced by rotating the script
5. Time makes the structure salient
6. The core system is envelopped with didactic activities
7. The integration means dataflow between activities
Time Frame
Individual
Group
Social
The SWISH Model: 7 Axioms
1. The script runs over multiple social planes
2. At the reference level, the task defines the distributed
system.
3. Interactions occur to over-compensate task distribution
4. System plasticity is reinforced by rotating the script
5. Time makes the structure salient
6. The core system is envelopped with didactic activities
7. The integration means dataflow between activities
Teamframes : pedagogical project management
Guest login at: http://teamframes.epfl.ch/
Core script
(distributed system)
Didactic
enveloppe
PreStructuring
PostStructuring
Script ‘ArgueGraph’
Individual
Group
Social
Individual
Group
Social
BEFORE
AFTER
???
EML, IMS-LD,…
The SWISH Model: 7 Axioms
1. The script runs over multiple social planes
2. At the reference level, the task defines the distributed
system.
3. Interactions occur to over-compensate task distribution
4. System plasticity is reinforced by rotating the script
5. Time makes the structure salient
6. The core system is envelopped with didactic activities
7. The integration means dataflow between activities
Social
Individual
Group
Compare
the grids
Build the
grid
Distribute
concepts
Read
papers
Define
Concepts
Visaluasize
probel space
Compare
Argue
Brainstorm
…
Behavioural
data
Votes
Opinions
Solutions
…
Aggregate Differentiate
List
…
Problem data
Roles
Interaction
trace
…
Broadcast
Assign
FormGroups
Solve
Enter
Reflection
…
Split Where Interaction Should Happen
1. The script runs over multiple social planes
2. At the reference plane, the task defines the distributed system.
3. Interactions occur to over-compensate task distribution
4. System plasticity is reinforced by rotating the script
5. Timeframe makes the social structure salient
6. The core system is envelopped with didactic activities
7. Integration means dataflow between activities