Classification
1
What is Classification?
Classification/taxonomy is the
arrangement of organisms into
orderly groups based on their
similarities
Taxonomists are scientists that
identify & name organisms
2
Benefits of Classifying
•organisms
Accurately & uniformly names
•starfish
Prevents misnomers such as
& jellyfish that aren't
really fish
Uses same language (Latin or
some Greek) for all names
•
Sea”horse”??
3
Confusion in Using Different
Languages for Names
4
Latin Names are Understood by
all Taxonomists
5
Carolus Linnaeus
•Called the “Father of
Taxonomy”
•Developed the modern
1707 – 1778
system of naming known
as binomial nomenclature
Two-word name (Genus
& species)
•
6
Standardized Naming
•Binomial
nomenclature
•Genus species
•Latin or Greek
Turdus migratorius
American Robin
7
Binomial Nomenclature
8
Classification Groups
• Taxon ( taxa-plural) is a
•
category into which related
organisms are placed
There is a hierarchy of groups
(taxa) from broadest to most
specific
9
Hierarchy-Taxonomic Groups
BROADEST TAXON
Domain
Kingdom
Phylum (Division – used for plants)
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
10
King
Phillip
Came
Over
For
Good
Soup!
11
Domains
• Broadest, most inclusive taxon
• Three domains
• Archaea and Eubacteria are
•
unicellular prokaryotes (no
nucleus or membrane-bound
organelles)
Eukarya are more complex and
have a nucleus and membranebound organelles
12
Domain Archaea
Archaea live in harsh environments and may
represent the first cells to have evolved.
Sewage
treatment
plants, thermal
vents, etc.
13
Domain Eubacteria
Eubacteria, some of which cause
human diseases, are present in
almost all habitats on earth.
Live in the
intestines
of animals
Many bacteria are important
environmentally and commercially.
14
Domain Eukarya is Divided
into Kingdoms
•Protista (protozoans, algae…)
•Fungi (mushrooms, yeasts …)
•Plantae (multicellular plants)
•Animalia (multicellular animals)
15
•Most are
unicellular
•Some are
multicellular
•Some are
Protista
autotrophic, while
others are
heterotrophic
16
Fungi
• Multicellular,
except yeast
• Absorptive
•
heterotrophs
(digest food
outside their
body & then
absorb it)
Cell walls
made of chitin
17
Plantae
•Multicellular
•Autotrophic
•Absorb sunlight
to make glucose –
Photosynthesis
Cell walls made of
cellulose
•
18
• Multicellular
• Ingestive
•
Animalia
heterotrophs
(consume food
& digest it
inside their
bodies)
Feed on plants
or animals
19
20
Dichotomous Keying
•Used to identify organisms
•Characteristics given in pairs
•Read both characteristics
and either go to another set
of characteristics OR
identify the organism
21
Example of Dichotomous Key
1a
1b
2a
2b
3a
3b
4a
4b
Tentacles present – Go to 2
Tentacles absent – Go to 3
Eight Tentacles – Octopus
More than 8 tentacles – 3
Tentacles hang down – go to 4
Tentacles upright–Sea Anemone
Balloon-shaped body–Jellyfish
Body NOT balloon-shaped - 5
22
Classification of Living Things
Classification of Living Things
Kingdom
Cell Type
Cell
Structures
Number
of
Cells
Mode
of
Nutrition
Examples
Eubacteria
Archaebacteria
Protista
Fungi
Plantae
Animalia
Classification of Living Things
Kingdom
Eubacteria
Prokaryotic
Cell Type
Cell
Structures
Flagella
Number
of
Cells
Unicellular
Mode
of
Nutrition
Autotrophic
OR
Heterotrophic
Examples
Salmonella
E. Coli
Anthrax
Archaebacter
ia
Protista
Fungi
Plantae
Animalia
Classification of Living Things
Eubacteria
Archaebacteria
Prokaryotic
Prokaryotic
Cell Structures
Flagella
Capsule
Cell Wall
Capsid
Nucleic Acid
Envelope
Number
of
Cells
Unicellular
Unicellular
Mode
of
Nutrition
Autotrophic
OR
Heterotrophic
Autotrophic
OR
Heterotrophic
Examples
Salmonella
E. Coli
Anthrax
HIV
Hepatitis
Tobacco
Mosaic Virus
Kingdom
Cell Type
Protista
Fungi
Plantae
Animalia
Classification of Living Things
Eubacteria
Archaebacteria
Protista
Prokaryotic
Prokaryotic
Eukaryotic
Cell Structures
Flagella
Capsule
Cell Wall
Capsid
Nucleic Acid
Envelope
Flagella
Cilia
Spores
Pseudopods
Number
of
Cells
Unicellular
Unicellular
Unicellular OR
Multi-cellular
Mode
of
Nutrition
Autotrophic
OR
Heterotrophic
Autotrophic
OR
Heterotrophic
Autotrophic
OR
Heterotrophic
Examples
Salmonella
E. Coli
Anthrax
HIV
Hepatitis
Tobacco
Mosaic Virus
Protozoans
Algae
Water Mold
Slime Mold
Kingdom
Cell Type
Fungi
Plantae
Animalia
Classification of Living Things
Eubacteria
Archaebacteria
Protista
Fungi
Prokaryotic
Prokaryotic
Eukaryotic
Eukkaryotic
Cell Structures
Flagella
Capsule
Cell Wall
Capsid
Nucleic Acid
Envelope
Flagella
Cilia
Spores
Pseudopods
-Cell walls made of
chitin
-Filamentous forms
with specialized,
complex cells
Number
of
Cells
Unicellular
Unicellular
Unicellular OR
Multi-cellular
All
Multi-cellular
except for yeast
(unicellular)
Mode
of
Nutrition
Autotrophic
OR
Heterotrophic
Autotrophic
OR
Heterotrophic
Autotrophic
OR
Heterotrophic
Absorpotive
heterotrophs
Examples
Salmonella
E. Coli
Anthrax
HIV
Hepatitis
Tobacco
Mosaic Virus
Protozoans
Algae
Water Mold
Slime Mold
Molds
Yeasts
Mushrooms
Kingdom
Cell Type
Plantae
Animalia
Classification of Living Things
Eubacteria
Archaebacteria
Protista
Fungi
Plantae
Prokaryotic
Prokaryotic
Eukaryotic
Eukkaryotic
Eukaryotic
Cell Structures
Flagella
Capsule
Cell Wall
Capsid
Nucleic Acid
Envelope
Flagella
Cilia
Spores
Pseudopods
-Cell walls made of
chitin
-Filamentous forms
with specialized,
complex cells
Chloroplasts
Central vacuole
Cell wall
Number
of
Cells
Unicellular
Unicellular
Unicellular OR
Multi-cellular
All
Multi-cellular
except for yeast
(unicellular)
Mode
of
Nutrition
Autotrophic
OR
Heterotrophic
Autotrophic
OR
Heterotrophic
Autotrophic
OR
Heterotrophic
Absorpotive
heterotrophs
Examples
Salmonella
E. Coli
Anthrax
HIV
Hepatitis
Tobacco
Mosaic Virus
Protozoans
Algae
Water Mold
Slime Mold
Molds
Yeasts
Mushrooms
Kingdom
Cell Type
Multi-cellular
Autotrophic
Mosses
Ferns
Non-woody &
woody flowering
plants
Animalia
Classification of Living Things
Kingdom
Eubacteria
Archaebacteria
Protista
Fungi
Plantae
Animalia
Cell Type
Prokaryotic
Prokaryotic
Eukaryotic
Eukkaryotic
Eukaryotic
Eukaryotic
Cell Structures
Flagella
Capsule
Cell Wall
Capsid
Nucleic Acid
Envelope
Flagella
Cilia
Spores
Pseudopods
-Cell walls made
of chitin
-Filamentous
forms with
specialized,
complex cells
Chloroplasts
Central vacuole
Cell wall
Specialized,
complex cells
All
Multi-cellular
except for yeast
(unicellular)
Multi-cellular
Multi-cellular
Autotrophic
Heterotrophic
Mosses
Ferns
Non-woody &
woody flowering
plants
Invertebrates
Fishes
Reptiles
Amphibians
Birds
Mammals
Number
of
Cells
Unicellular
Unicellular
Unicellular OR
Multi-cellular
Mode
of
Nutrition
Autotrophic
OR
Heterotrophic
Autotrophic
OR
Heterotrophic
Autotrophic
OR
Heterotrophic
Absorpotive
heterotrophs
Examples
Salmonella
E. Coli
Anthrax
HIV
Hepatitis
Tobacco
Mosaic Virus
Protozoans
Algae
Water Mold
Slime Mold
Molds
Yeasts
Mushrooms
Your assignment
Write a letter explaining the classification of living
things. You must describe each kingdom from the
Eukarya domain in detail. Include cell type, cell
structures, number of cells, mode of nutrition and
some examples this person may have heard of.
REMEMBER, this person most likely does not
understand what the terms eukaryotic,
prokaryotic, unicellular, multi-cellular, autotrophs,
heterotrophs or various cell structures mean. Be
sure to include an explanation of the terms or lose
50 valuable points!