Denver School of Nursing – General Education Classes
Lecture / Laboratory :
Monday 10:00 am – 2:24pm
Lecture:
Tuesday 4:30pm – 6:30pm
Instructor: Lisa Johansen, PhD Microbiology
Microbiology
When you see the word
microbiology…
What do you think of??
Microbiology
What is your connection to
microbiology??
Work?
Home?
Health?
Chapter 1
The Science of Microbiology
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Six subgroups
 Bacteria
 Archaea
 Algae
 Fungi
 Protozoa
 Viruses
 Helminths **
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1674
1796
1847
1859
1865
1876
1892
1894
1929
1977
Leeuwenhoek: sees microorganisms
Jenner: vaccine for smallpox
Semmelweiss: cause of childbed fever
Pasteur: disproves spontaneous gen.
Lister: introduces antiseptic technique
Koch: pure culture on agar
Iwanowski: discovers viruses
Ehrlich: selective toxicity
Fleming: discovers penicillin
Woese: classifies archaea
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Made his own microscopes
 Antony van Leeuwenhoek
▪ Looked at everything he could
▪ White matter from his teeth
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Observation:
 Dairymaids who had mild
cowpox infections were
protected from smallpox
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Hypothesis
 Cowpox infection provides
protection against smallpox
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Experiment
 Inoculated boy with cowpox
fluid and later challenged with
smallpox fluid
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Result
 Boy did not get smallpox
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Wash your hands!
 Ignaz Semmelweis
▪ Medical students were bring disease from the morgue to
the women’s clinic
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Life is formed from inanimate objects
 Fruit flies!!!
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Louis Pasteur
 Used swan-neck flask
 Boiled broth
 Open to the air
 No growth unless broth was
washed into the curved neck
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Against infection via phenol
 Joseph Lister
▪ How good is the mouthwash though?
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Koch’s Postulates
1. Microbes present in samples of diseased animal
2. Grow organism in pure culture
3. Inject healthy animal with cultured cells
4. Animal develops same disease
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Smaller than bacteria - filterable
 Dmitri Iwanowski and Martinus Beijerinick
▪ Tobacco mosaic virus
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Chemotherapy
 Paul Ehrlich
▪ Magic Bullet Theory
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The birth of antibiotics
 Alexander Fleming
▪ Bad lab techniques made him famous
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Not just bacteria anymore
 Carl Woese
▪ Extremophiles
Diagnostics
Treatments
Genomics
Epidemiology
Emerging diseases
 Bioremediation
 Environment micro / microbial ecology
 Green fuels
 Bioterrorism
 Bioengineering
 Agricultural microbiology
 Industrial microbiology
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Chapter 10
meet the microbes!
Six subgroups
• Bacteria
• Archaea
• Algae
• Fungi
• Protozoa
• Viruses
• Helminths **
Classification systems and names
Kingdom
Writing names properly
binomial nomenclature
genus species
Escherichia coli or Escherichia coli
E. coli or E. coli
bacteria = binomial nomenclature plus
genus species
E. coli K12
E. coli ML30
E. coli 0157:H7
strains
How we classify - methods - old
How we classify Dichotomous key - an
oldie but goodie
How we classify - methods - new
molecular biology / genetics
Molecular biology and identification
The Prokaryotes - Ch. 11
Archaea
Bacteria
Prokaryotes: Homework
Chose 5 bacteria (total) from different 5
different phyla (Ch. 11) and describe:
• habitat - where is it normally found?
• shape (morphology - what does it look like under the microscope)
• pathogenesis (does it cause disease? if so how?)
• three interesting facts (not covered above)
• think medical or environmental importance
• unique features
• include a picture of the organism
This must be a PowerPoint presentation.
This is part of your weekly presentation grade.
Due 1/14/13 @ beginning of class - on a thumb drive or email to me.
Eukaryotes and Helminths and Arthropod vectors
Chapter 12
A few eukaryotes to know about:
Fungi
macroscopic
microscopic
Eukaryotic cells - Fungi
heterotrophic
saprobe
Eukaryotic cells - Fungi
yeast colonies
mycelium
spores
A few eukaryotes to know about:
Fungi
Fungal diseases : thermal dimorphoism
Mycoses = fungal infections
thrush
Cryptococcus
ringworm / tinea
Aspergillus
athletes foot / tinea
Good Fungi
Good Fungi - antibiotic producers
A few eukaryotes to know about:
Algae
A few eukaryotes to know about:
Lichens
A few eukaryotes to know about:
Protozoa
Amoeba
Paramecium
Giardia
A few eukaryotes to know about:
Protozoa: trypanosome
A few eukaryotes to know about:
Protozoa: Toxoplasma gondii
A few eukaryotes to know about:
Protozoa: Plasmodium
A few eukaryotes to know about:
Slime molds
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bkVhLJLG7ug
A few eukaryotes to know about:
Helminths
Intestinal Helminths
Eukaryotes - Helminths
Tapeworms
Roundworms
Flukes
YOU and Helminths diseases
Parasitic Helminths
A few eukaryotes to know about:
Arthropod vectors
YOU and Arthropod vectors / diseases
Chapter 13 - Viruses !!!!!!!!!!!
Viruses- naked vs. enveloped
Viruses - such cool shapes
Virus “life” cycle
Viruses - entry
Viruses - exit
Viruses - types of genomes
Virus classification
http://www.virology.ws/2009/08/07/how-viruses-are-classified/
Viruses - reproduction
Viruses - reproduction
YOU and viral diseases
Poliovirus
YOU and viral diseases
Influenza
Influenza – why you have to
get a immunization each year
YOU and viral diseases
HIV – Human Immunodeficiency Virus
Retroviruses - reverse transcription
Retroviruses - genome integration
YOU and viral diseases
Mononucleosis – Epstein Barr Virus
YOU and viral diseases
Herpes Virus
YOU and viral diseases: Cancer
http://cancer.about.com/od/cancercauses/a/Viruses-And-Cancer.htm
Phage / bacteriophage – lytic vs. lysogenic cycle
http://biology.about.com/od/virology/ss/Bacteriophage.htm
Phage / bacteriophage – lytic vs. lysogenic cycle
Viruses and plants
http://www.microbiologybytes.com/virology/Plant.html
http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/08/110810093833.htm
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plant_virus
http://www.ipm.iastate.edu/ipm/hortnews/2007/4-11/sick.html
What if you are already sick: Antivirals
For next week:
• Your bacterial presentations - chapter 11
• Multiple choice quiz chapters
• 1 - History
• 10 - classification
• 12 - eukaryotes
• 1 3 - viruses
• Read chapters 2 - 3 - 4
• Read Lab exercises 5, 6, 7