Excretion
Why is the process of excretion necessary?
Copy
1. Name this process.
2. Name the end products
(hint there are three).
3. Why are these end
products?
The process of releasing
metabolic cellular
wastes from an
organism.
• water
• perspiration
•urine
•carbon dioxide
What is it…..
Excretion
or
Egestion?
It's "PooPrints." So you live in an apartment complex with a doggie
Excretion
- No worries! Have all the dogs swabbed and their
doo-doo problem?
DNA put in a data bank. Then if you find an unwanted present on
material
NOT
thespatula
cell.
your lawn, simply
collectused
a sample within
using the " small
and
Proprietary Collection Solution in a leak-proof container." Mail in
Nitrogenous
the offending waste wastes
and in 5-10 days you'll know which dog did the
deed!
Egestion- material NOT used in
digestive system
Solid wastes (feces)
ANY COMPOUND OR MIXTURE
THAT CONTAINS NITROGEN.
FORMED FROM THE BREAKING
DOWN OF Proteins into AMINO
ACIDS
1. AMMONIA
2. UREA
3. URIC ACID
Why is excretion necessary?
In order for cells to stay alive, they must
continually intake and output water….maintain
water balance
The cells must also export molecules because
they would continue to get bigger and bigger
if they only took in molecules
cells need to dispose waste products of cellular
metabolism that are toxic
Kidneys
Urinary
system
Lungs
Respiratory
system
Skin
Integumentary
system
Liver
Digestive
system
•TWO bean shaped
organs
•Located in the back
of the abdomen,
near the bottom ribs
•Organ responsible
for filtration of
wastes out of the
blood
ROLE OF THE LUNGS
in excretion?
Excrete the wastes from
RESPIRATION:
THE ORGAN
RESPONSIBLE FOR
DETOXIFYING THE
BLOOD
IT TAKES TOXINS OUT
OF BLOOD.
(a) Breakdown of worn out Red Blood
Cells
(b) Deamination: breakdown of
proteins into amino acids; process
used to get rid of excess amino acids
How is the urinary system adapted
for excretion?
DO NOW:
Using your knowledge
of biology
What does this
picture
mean to you?
METABOLIC
ACTIVITY
Aerobic cellular Respiration
WASTES
PRODUCED
CO2
+
H2O
Anaerobic
Cellular Respiration
CO2 + Alcohol
or
CO2 + Lactic acid
Dehydration Synthesis
H2O
Protein Synthesis
Nitrogenous Wastes
Other Metabolic Processes
(ex. neutralization reactions)
Mineral Salts
Flow of Urine through the Urinary System
1
2
3
4
Tubes that are
connected to the
kidneys and the
urinary bladder
Responsible for transporting urine
A muscular organ that is
connected to the urethra
and the ureters
Responsible for storage of urine until
elimination
A tube connected to the
urinary bladder and in
direct contact with the
environment
Responsible for elimination of urine
RENAL ARTERY
& VEIN
MEDULLA
How do nephrons assist in
filtration?
video
is the basic structural and functional unit
of the kidney
Its chief function is to regulate the
concentration of water and soluble
substances like sodium salts by filtering the
blood, and reabsorbing what is needed
and excreting the rest as urine
When water, salts,
urea, glucose, amino
acids diffuse out of
the blood stream
into the nephrons of
the kidneys
How does the blood enter and leave the
kidneys?
“Renal” Artery
To the kidney
“Renal” Vein
From the kidney
When some
materials like
glucose may be
reabsorbed into the
capillaries
water, urea
and salts
What happens when
the excretory system
malfunctions?
• Complete handout!!!!
1. Jaundice: Metabolic waste of bile are
reabsorbed by blood
(while bile is not secreted properly, causing a
yellowing of the skin and eyes.)
Treatment: phototherapy, antibiotics
2. Gout: Uric acid deposits in
joints.
Cause: Rich diet of purines (high
protein) and excessive drinking
Treatment of gout
• Ice, rest and medications: steroid injection
and/or an anti inflammatory
2. Kidney Stones: Various substances
crystallize out of urine into urinary tract
or kidney and do not pass through
urethra.
Treatment of kidney stones
• Drink water, Urination and in severe cases
surgery.
3. Kidney Failure:
Inability of kidney to filtrate and
absorb nutrients properly. Excess
waste and fluids build up in the
body- death occurs if not treated.
• Dialysis acts as an artificial kidney. There are
two types of treatment: hemodialysis and
peritoneal (sac around the abdominal organs)
dialysis.
• About 90 percent of dialysis patients receive
hemodialysis: the blood is circulated outside the
body and cleaned inside a machine before
returning to the patient.
What is this?
LIVER
What’s wrong with these livers?
CIRRHOSIS
4. CIRRHOSIS: is scarring of the liver and poor liver
function as a result of chronic liver disease.
Causes: excessive DRINKING of
ALCOHOL,
chronic inflammation, poisons and heart
disease
Treatment: Cure? None!
But Prolong life and offer quality of life
with medication
Normal Kidney
“Chronic Glomerulonephritis". Seen here are
atrophic kidneys with a thin cortex from a
patient at autopsy with chronic renal failure
(CRF).
Review
This diagram best illustrates
1. active transport
2. maintenance of homeostasis
3. synthesis of nutrients
4. differentiation
Which system is correctly paired with its
function?
1. immune system—intake and distribution of oxygen to
cells of the body
2. excretory system—remove potentially dangerous
materials from the body
3. digestive system—transport energy-rich molecules to
cells
4. circulatory system—produce building blocks of complex
compounds
Which body system is correctly paired
with its function?
1. excretory — produces antibodies to fight
disease-causing organisms
2. digestive — produces hormones for storage
and insulation
3. circulatory — transports materials for energy
release in body cells
4. respiratory — collects waste material for
digestion
The arrows in the diagram below indicate the movement of
materials into and out of a single-celled organism.
The movements indicated by all the arrows
are directly involved in
1.
2.
3.
4.
the maintenance of homeostasis
respiration, only
excretion, only
the digestion of proteins
The energy an organism requires to
transport materials and eliminate
wastes is obtained directly from
1.
2.
3.
4.
DNA
starch
hormones
ATP
The diagram represents a microscopic view of a
functional unit of a kidney.
In a kidney, which blood component would not
usually pass through the membranes from
region A to region B?
1.
2.
3.
4.
red blood cells
mineral salts
urea
water
What is a major function of the blood
vessel represented in the diagram
below?
1.
2.
3.
4.
releasing carbon dioxide into the sweat gland
transporting oxygen away from the sweat gland
transporting wastes to the sweat gland
filtering starch out of the sweat gland
During a long-distance run on a hot day, an athlete
produces large quantities of sweat. As a result, the
kidneys change the rate of urine production. Why is
this change important?
1. Decreased urine production increases the amino acids in
the blood.
2. Increased urine production removes amino acids produced
as a result of running.
3. Decreased urine production allows the body to conserve
water.
4. Increased urine production allows more water to remain in
the bloodstream.
Excretion is best described as the
removal of
1.
2.
3.
4.
metabolic wastes from a cell
toxic wastes by the process of cyclosis
water molecules from dipeptide hydrolysis
undigested material from the digestive tract
skin