LATIN AMERICAN HISTORY
1.10.11-1.11.11
Do Now ~ Page 99
On page 99, please complete your T chart with what
you now know about Japanese History.
What I know about Japan
What I now know about Japan
after last week
Fill in your new, fabulous
knowledge here!
Add to the Class T chart on the back white
board!
Page 107
Complete a word splash on page 107 with everything
you know about Latin American history/culture
Contribute to the word splash on the board
SAMPLE: Word Splash About Dogs
Objectives


I can identify the different classes and their roles in
colonial Latin America.
I can explain how countries in Latin America came to
be independent with revolutionary movements lead
by Simon Bolivar and Jose San Martin.
Years of
Independence
Latin American Colonies

Social Structure
was sharply
divided
Peninsulares: men born in Spain. Could
hold high office in colonial govt. (0.1%)
Creoles: Spaniards born in Latin America.
Could not hold high office in col. govt, but
can be military officers (22.8%)
Mestizos: people of mixed European and
Native ancestry
Mulattos: Persons of mixed
European and African Ancestry
Africans
Indian Natives to Latin America: little value because
were not slaves. Most oppressed group (55.8%)
18th-Century Spanish Efforts to Classify
People by Race
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Spaniard and Indian produce a Mestizo
From Spaniard and Mestiza, Castiza
Spaniard and Castiza, produce Spaniard
Mestizo and Indian makes Coyote
Black and Spaniard makes Mulatto
Mulatto and Spaniard makes Morisco
Spaniard and Morisca makes Albino
Spaniard and Albino makes a Black-Return-Backwards
Black and Indian makes Wolf
Wolf and Indian makes Zambaiga
Zambaigo and Indian makes Albarazado
Albarazada and Indian makes Chamizo
Chamizo and Indian makes Cambuja
From Albarrado and Indian, a Cachimboreta is born
From Indian and Cambuja, a Wolf-Return-Backwards is born
Wolf-Return-Backwards and Indian makes Hold-Yourself-in-Mid-Air
Spaniard and Indian produce a Mestizo
http://www.emory.edu/COLLEGE/CULPEPER/BAKEWELL/index.html
From Spaniard and Mestiza, Castiza
http://www.emory.edu/COLLEGE/CULPEPER/BAKEWELL/index.html
Spaniard and Castiza, produce Spaniard
http://www.emory.edu/COLLEGE/CULPEPER/BAKEWELL/index.html
Mestizo and Indian makes Coyote
http://www.emory.edu/COLLEGE/CULPEPER/BAKEWELL/index.html
Black and Spaniard makes Mulatto
http://www.emory.edu/COLLEGE/CULPEPER/BAKEWELL/index.html
Colonialism (cont.)

Peonage- use of laborers bound by debt
 Lower
classes worked on landowner’s land and were
paid in vouchers to be used at landowner’s stores. They
quickly fell into debt.
 it essentially continues after independence by rich
landowners
Colonialism (cont.)

Answer questions under your triangle in complete
sentences:
 What
about this social structure is unfair and may have
caused people to be upset or want change?
 How did the Europeans (Penninsulares and Creoles)
keep control over native population?
Ideas of Independence


Creoles: educated, well traveled, adopt ideas of
Enlightenment and revolution (French Revolution
(1799), American Revolution 1776)
Spanish Creoles reject French King
 Napoleon
wins Spain, and makes his brother king of
Spain (Ferdinand VII)
 Creoles have no allegiance to a French King of Spain
Simon Bolivar



Wealthy Venezuelan Creole
Venezuela declares independence
1811
Defeat Spanish at Bogota (Columbia)
in 1821



President of Columbia
Independence in Bolivia, Ecuador,
Panama
Democratic Ideology for Hispanic
America

Jamaican Letter
e San Martin


From Argentina
Argentina independent 1816
 still
under threat by Spanish in
Chile and Peru
 Marches over Andes Mts. To Chile
and wins independence
 Leaves his army for Bolivar in Peru
to defeat Spanish
DAY 2
Do Now ~ Page 109
Pretend you are a Creole in the 1800s. You are
educated and have traveled to Europe. Write a
journal entry about what it is like in Latin America
as a Spanish Colony. Also write about what you
want to change and why
(Use your notes and memory from yesterday)

Objectives


I can describe Latin America’s trade and economics
after Independence.
I can explain the United State’s involvement in Latin
America with the Spanish-American War.
After Independence pg 110

Colonial Legacy
 Political
instability
 Caudillos: dictators. By 1830, almost all Latin
American nations were run by caudillos
 “all
of Venezuela is my cattle ranch” – Juan Vincent Gomez,
Venezuelan caudillo
 Some
presidents made reforms like education
 Voting right for upper and middle class only


Economics depend on exports
Trade increases:
 Transportation
(steamship, railroads)
 Refrigeration (food exports possible)
Manufactured Goods
Who benefits more from this system? Why and How?
Economics and Trade




Not self sufficient
Do not develop roads, education
Borrow money from US, Britain, France, Germany
Other nations now have control in Latin America
(economic colonialism)
US and Latin America
US and Latin America


Monroe Doctrine: 1823 policy- American continents
can no longer be colonized by Europe. Stay out of
Western hemisphere
Roosevelt Corollary (1904): President Roosevelt
extends Monroe doctrine and gives US right to be
World Police
Read and summarize each section on
your notes worksheet
Roosevelt's December 1904 Annual message to Congress
declared:
1) All that this country desires is to see the neighboring countries
stable, orderly, and prosperous. Any country whose people
conduct themselves well can count upon our hearty friendship.
2) Chronic wrongdoing, or an impotence which results in a
general loosening of the ties of civilized society, may in
America, as elsewhere, ultimately require intervention by some
civilized nation,
3) and in the Western Hemisphere the adherence of the United
States to the Monroe Doctrine may force the United States,
however reluctantly, in flagrant cases of such wrongdoing or
impotence, to the exercise of an international police power.
Spanish-American War

US intervenes struggle for independence from Spain
 Business
interests
 Fear of Spanish in Western hemisphere

US defeats Spain in 4 months
 Cuba
independent and other Spanish colonies given to
the US (Puerto Rico, Guam, Phillipines)
Panama Canal




Connects the Atlantic to the Pacific
through Central America
French company tried, but failed
US helps Panama gain independence,
Panama gives US land to build canal
US controls a world tollbooth
Panama Canal Facts:


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

The greatest obstacle in building the canal is
MALARIA & YELLOW FEVER
first 2 years of building involve clearing brush and
draining swamps where mosquitoes bred
The canal took 10 years to build
Cost nearly $400 million dollars
Completed in 1914 just as WWI was beginning
The canal is considered one of the greatest
engineering feats of all time