Spanish Empire in Latin America
1519-1809
• Warm Up: Music: Gabriel’s Oboe
• Reading: 119-125
Architecture- Mission San Xavier
del Bac
Early depiction of indigenous
people
Cristobal Colon
• 1492 Landed in
Bahamas- Named it San
Salvador
• “It was my wish to
bypass no Island without
taking possession”
• “We have turned the
world upside down”
Guaman Poma de Ayala
in a letter to the King in
protest of the massacre
of the Carribe
• Future voyages created
colonies.
Other explorers
• Francisco CabralBrazil
• Amerigo Vespucci“new world”
• Balboa- Isthmus
• MagellanCircumvention
Hernan Cortez
• Conquistador
• 1519-1521
leads 450
soldiers into
Mexico
Aztec Conquest
• Myth of Quetzalcoatl
• Small Pox
• Cannons, Guns and
Horses
• Tlaxcala
• Montezuma II was
weak leader, many
favored Cuhactmoc
• Dona Marina “La
Malinche”
Bartolome de las casas
“Their other frightening weapons besides horses:
twenty hunting greyhounds. They were
unleashed and fell on the Indians at the cry of
Tomalo! (get them) Within one hour they had
preyed on one hundred of them. As the Indians
were used to going completely naked, it is easy
to imagine what the fierce greyhounds did,
urged to bite naked bodies and skin much more
delicate then the wild boar they were used
to….the tactic begun here and invented by the
devil, spread throughout these Indies and will
end when there is no more land or people to
subjugate and destroy in this part of the world.”
“ There was a great havoc. Very
many died of it. They could not
walk…They could not move;
they could not stir; they could not
change position, nor lie on one
side, nor face down, nor on their
backs. And if they stirred, much
did they cry out. Great was its
destruction.”
Pizarro-Inca
• Pizarro Marches from jungles in Panama to Andes
• Atahualpa- Capture, Ransom and execution (beheading)
• Defeat of Cuzco
Race in New Spain
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Peninsular
Criollos
Mestizo
Mullato
Negro
“Indio”
Land in New Spain
• Catholic Church justifies
conquest by labeling heathens
and therefore calling for
Spanish to convert them by
any means.
• Church effort loses to
economic motives.
• Encomiendas- large land
grants were given to
Peninsulares
• With these land grants came
the ability to use the
indigenous as forced labor,
mining and churches (slaves)
Mestizaje
Spaniard and Indian produce a Mestizo
From Spaniard and Mestiza, Castiza
Spaniard and Castiza, produce Spaniard
Mestizo and Indian makes Coyote
Black and Spaniard makes Mulato
Mulatto and Spaniard makes Morisco
Spaniard and Morisca makes Albino
Spaniard and Albino makes a Black
Return Backward
Black and Indian makes Wolf
Wolf and Indian makes Zambiago
Zambaigo and Indian makes Alabrazado
Chamizo and Indian makes Cambuja
Chamizo and Indian makes Cambuia
From Albarrado and Indian, a
Chachimboreta is born
From Indian and Cambuja, a Wolf Return
Backwards is born
Wolf-Return-Backwards and Indian
makes Hold yourself in Mid air
Spain in Northern
New Spain
• Southwest- Coronado and
myth of El Dorado
• California- Myth of
Amazona
• Find Chumash in Chanel
Islands
• Florida- Fountain of youth
• Strait of Anian (North
West Passage)
• Jesuits Build Missions – to
educate and civilize.
Pious fund money from
lands to build more (21
total)
• Portola and Serra were
sent to stop Russian
Colonization
New Mexico
• Juan De Anza Trail
Blazes from Sonora to
San Francisco
• Cabeza de vaca ship
wrecked and saved
• Cibola (7 cities of Gold)
• Silver is found in
Zacatecas, San Luis
Potosi, and
Guanajuato…so Spanish
forgot about it
• Eusibio Kino declares
California a peninsula
Church and Military
• Jesuits were
outspoken and
therefore begin to
lose missions and are
expelled.
• Military loses control
and then hands over
many colonies to
Franciscans.
Resistance and
Response
• Spanish Empire
the largest since
the collapse of
Rome
• Tupac Amaru
• Cholula
• Pueblo
• What is a mestizo?
• What Spanish Conquistador conquered
the Aztecs?
• What route did Columbus use to arrive in
the “New World?
• Where was Columbus from? Who did he
claim lands for?
• Who is Monctezuma?
• Who defeated the Inca?
Extra Credit
• Ines of my Soul