Liberals
Nationalist
•Mostly the middle
class (Bourgeoisie)
•Wanted government
based on written
constitutions, old
aristocracy, and
established churches
•Supported laissezfaire
•Those that shared a
common heritage
(ethnic groups) set out
to win their own states
•This led to
persecution and
intolerance of other
ethnic groups
•Simon Bolivar was sent to Europe to complete his education and
learned about the Enlightenment and French Revolution
•Peninsulares, people born in Spain, dominated Latin American
politics and social life
•Only they could hold jobs in government and the Church
•Creoles, European-descended Latin Americans, owned the
haciendas, ranches, and mines resented their second class
status
•Mestizos, Native American and European descent, and mulattoes,
African and European descent were denied the status,
wealth and power available to the whites.
•Enlightenment Ideas and news of revolutions around the world
were spreading
•Napoleon’s invasion of Spain showed Latin America a weakness
and they say a chance to demand independence from colonial
rule
Haiti
•French planters owned very profitable sugar plantations, worked
on by slaves
•Slave Revolt 1791-Toussaint L’Ouverture was their general
•France, Spain, and Britain sent armies to Haiti-more lives lost
than any other revolution in the Americas
•Slaves won! They were freed but Haiti remained a French colony
Independence
•Napoleon sent troops to reconquer Haiti, ended in a truce
Independence for Mexico and Central America
•Father Miguel Hidalgo-raised a cry for freedom “El Grito de Dolores”
•He was eventually captured and executed
•Jose Morelos-same story
•Independence was finally achieved by Agustin de Iturbide.
•Overthrew the Spanish viceroy (what is a viceroy?!?)
•Became the Republic of Mexico
•Lives of most changed very little
Independence in South America
•Native American Revolt-led by Tupac Amaru (descendent of an Incan
king)
•Not a successful overthrow but did help bring an end to slavery
Bolivar
•Led an uprising in Venezuela-many set backs, he was exiled twice
•Eventually he won
San Martin
•Helped Argentina win freedom from Spain
____ 1.
Discontent in Latin America resulted from the
domination of social and political life by
A creoles.
.
B peninsulares.
.
C mestizos.
.
D mulattoes.
.
____ 2.
Which of the following events was the spark that
finally set off a widespread revolt in Latin America in the early
1800s?
A the French Revolution
.
B uprisings in the Balkans
.
C Napoleon’s invasion of
. Spain
D the American Revolution
.
____ 3.
Which group dominated Latin American social and
political life in the early 1800s?
A.
creoles
B.
mulattoes
C mestizos
.
D peninsulares
.
____ 4.
Which of the following groups generally supported
nationalist goals?
A church leaders
.
B noble landowner
.
C ethnic groups
.
D monarchs
.
Thursday October 20, 2011
Section Review page 232 1-14
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