AGENDA 10/1
• BW – Define in notes. Penisulares,
Creoles, Mestizos, Nationalism
• CW 1-Notes
• CW 1.1 – Answer EQ on separate sheet
paper – hand in at end of class
• CW 2-Peer Review Essay
• HW – Re-write essay
• Quote of the day: “All you need is love”
– John Lennon
Shout outs
TEST
• Rufino Gonzales – PERFECT SCORE!
• Keo Bun, Kitana Rodriguez, Arielle Carter
• 90% or higher!
Class Stats –
• 1 Student has a 100% average!
• 6 students have a 90% or higher!
• 4 students have 80% or higher!
EQ: What caused the Latin
American Independence
Movements? Notes #9
• Much of Latin America was made up of
Spanish colonies.
• In colonial Latin America, peninsulares
controlled most of the political,
economic, and social power.
 (White Europeans)
 (White European descent)
 (mixed white/Indian/
African ancestry)
• Napoleonic wars weakened Spain’s
power, leading to creoles and mestizos
being discontent in Latin American
colonies.
Joseph
Bonaparte,
King of
Spain
(1808 – 1813)

• Ideas from the Enlightenment and the
American and French Revolutions
inspired creoles and mestizos to revolt.
• This led to the success of Latin
America independence movements
during the 19th-century.
Independence Leaders:
• Toussaint L’Ouverture led Haiti’s
independence from France.
• Simón Bolívar and José de San Martín
led Latin American independence
movements in South America.
Simón Bolívar
José de San Martín
• Simón Bolívar was called Libertador
and the George Washington of S.
America
• Fought to free Venezuela
• Bolivia is named after him
• José de San Martín fought for 10 years
to liberate Argentina, Chile and Peru
• Miguel Hidalgo led Mexico’s
independence from Spain.