October 15-16 2015
Joints

Joints occur where two
or more bones join
together, or articulate

Functions:
 Hold bones together
 Allow motion

The structure of the joint determines the
type and range of motion allowed
Types of Joints

Fibrous Joints
 Bones joined by fibrous tissue
 Essentially immovable
 Examples: sutures, syndesmoses
The fibers of
syndesmoses are
longer than the fibers
of sutures – allowing
syndesmoses to have
slight movement
Syndesmoses at distal
tibiofibular joint
Types of Joints

Cartilaginous Joints
 Bones are connected by cartilage
 Immovable or slightly moveable
 Examples:
Slightly
moveable
immoveable
Types of Joints

Synovial Joints
 Bones are connected by a joint cavity
containing synovial fluid
 ‘freely’ moveable
Synovial Joint Structure

Structures which facilitate movement
 Articular cartilage lines the ends of the bones,
reducing friction
 Synovial membrane lines the
inside of the joint capsule,
reducing friction
 Synovial fluid fills the joint
cavity, reducing friction and
acting as a shock absorber
Synovial Joint Structure

Structures which hold the bones
together
 Joint capsule made of fibrous
connective tissue surrounds
ends of bones
 Ligaments made of dense
connective tissue connect the
two bones are reinforce the
joint capsule
Think, Pair, Share
Older scholar …
 What are the two functions of joints?
 What would happen if the synovial
membrane became inflamed?
Younger scholar …
 What special features give synovial joints
the greatest freedom of movement?
 What would happen if articular cartilage
wore away?
Types of Synovial Joints
The shape of synovial joints determines
the allowable movements.
Plane joints



Sliding movement
Can move short
distances only
Ex: the vertebral
arches
Types of Synovial Joints
The shape of synovial joints determines the
allowable movements.
Pivot joints


rotational movement
Ex: the radioulnar
joint
Types of Synovial Joints
The shape of synovial joints determines
the allowable movements.
Hinge Joints


allow flexion /
extension
Ex: humeroulnar
joint
Types of Synovial Joints
The shape of synovial joints determines the
allowable movements.
Saddle Joints



allow side-to-side
AND back-and-forth
motion
Both bones have
concave and convex
areas
Ex: carpometacarpal
joint of thumb
Types of Synovial Joints
The shape of synovial joints determines the
allowable movements.
Condyloid Joints (aka Ellipsoid)



allow side-to-side
AND back-and-forth
motion
One bone is convex
and fits inside the
other, concave bone
Ex:
atlanto-occipital joint
Types of Synovial Joints
The shape of synovial joints determines the
allowable movements.
Ball-and-socket joints
allow side-to-side
AND back-and-forth
motion AND rotation
 Ex: shoulder
(humerus – scapula)

Use the movement to guess the
joint type!
Atlanto-axial joint (first two cervical vertibrae)
Intercarpal joints
 Interphalangeal joints
 Tibia-talar joint
 Acetobular-femoral joint
 Metacarpalphalangeal joint

Work in groups of 2-3
7 minutes
Use the movement to guess the
joint type!
Atlanto-axial joint (first two cervical vertibrae) –
pivot joint
 Intercarpal joints – (wrist) plane joints
 Interphalangeal joints – (finger) hinge joints
 Tibia-talar joint – (ankle) hinge joints
 Acetobular-femoral joint – (hip) ball and socket
joint
 Metacarpalphalangeal joint – (knuckles)
condyloid joint

Closure
What were our objectives and how
did we accomplish them?
 How does it relate to our overall unit
question?
 What was our learner profile trait and
how did we use it?

Exit Ticket

Rank the following joints in order from
most mobile to least
Ball and socket, sutures, plane, saddle,
pivot, cartilaginous