Welcome to MAY!!!
FYI- There are only 6 more “A” Days
7 days of class before finals.
“Progress
is the process whereby the
human race is getting rid of whiskers,
the vermiform appendix, and God. ”
--H. L. Mencken
Outcomes
Students will begin to explore the enlightenment
Students will continue to study how the enlightenment
changed society.
To Do List
Pass back papers
Quiz-Notes over- New Science of Man
Culture and Economics
Read together in class
Homework- Political Cartoon
This WEEK:
Thursday:
Regional Tennis
Friday:
2:20 Dismissal- All School Rosary
Soccer @ St. Thomas Aquinas (KC)
Track @ Derby
JV / C Baseball @ Trinity
Saturday:
Soccer @ Notre Dame de Sion (KC, MO)
Seniors going into their last week- STAY OUT OF THE WAY!
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Bernard de Fontelle *
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Pierre Bayle
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Spread ideas of Enlightenment, very skeptical
Conversation on the Plurality of Worlds
Humanity’s best hope open minded tolerance
Truth and Morality are relative at best
John Locke
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Human mind is blank, influenced by society
Essay on Human Understanding
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Jean le Rond d’ Alembert (1717-1783)
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Difference between “truly enlightened” & “noisy multitude
Common people were doomed to superstition & confusion
Baron de Montesquieu (1689-1755)
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Satirical writer-wrote when it was illegal to challenge the
govt
The Persian Letters- challenged European Institutions
The Spirit of Laws- dismayed by absolutism-it was tyrannical
 Focused on a division of power shared by classes- NOT for everyone
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Francois Marie Arouet- (Voltaire) 1694-1778
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Denis Diderot (1713-1784)-French Philosopher / Critic
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Author of several texts- Letter to the Blind (1748) dual meanin
 Encyclopedie (1751) 28 volumes—collected knowledge of the day
 Knowledge was power- therefore, everyone had access to this.
 Radical concept of the day- EVERYONE learning,
reading, challenging the world around them.
 Arm the masses to change the world.
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Critic of French Aristocracy & the Church
 Christianity was seen as fanatical & unreasonable
 Need for French Society/Christians to be more
Humane, more tolerant, more reasonable
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After 1770 the enlightenment changed and thinkers
went beyond the original scope of questioning.
Baron Paul d’ Holbach (German 1723-1789)
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Argued human beings are machines influenced by outside
forces. (Free Will, God, Immortality of soul were myths)
David Hume (Scottish 1711-1776)
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Human mind is really nothing but a bundle of expressions
Impressions can only be understood through sense
experience. Reason cant be understood without proof
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Marie Jean Caritat (1743-1794)
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Progress of the Human Mind, Man is slowly progressing
towards perfection
Jean Jacques Rousseau (Swiss-French1712-1778)
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Believed in individual freedom- protect from society
The Social Contract- general will – pop sovereignty
 The General Will- sacred-absolute- common good of all
 Popular sovereignty- ability to majority to decide
 Limited freedom- to ensure order and stability
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There was an explosion in the number of books
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Upper Class, the clergy, and the Aristocracy
Decline in religious and devotional texts
France’s censorship created a black market
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Black market was referred to as “under the cloak”
Published in eastern countries- Politics & Law
New form of publications- scandalous/pornographic
 Alleged that french women were seducing public officials
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Reading Revolution
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Reading before had be of sacred texts, slow, loud, public
Reading now was individual, silent, and rapid.
People could not read enough- wanted independent
presses
 Wealthy women created salons- to entertain, learn, share info
“Progress
is the process whereby the
human race is getting rid of whiskers,
the vermiform appendix, and God. ”
--H. L. Mencken
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Listen to this song closely “Mayberry”
What are the effects of the enlightenment in this
song?
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Try to be as specific as possible
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Enlightenment thinkers discovered natural laws
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Created what was referred to as the “science of man”
Natural laws governed man- affected-Econ, education, govt
 Adam Smith- (1723-1790)--found of modern economics
 Author of the Wealth of Nations- Basis for capitalism
 Believed that man should be free to pursue economic self interest
 Govt should stay out of the way- laissez-faire approach- hand off
 Govt should provide 3 functions: protection, police, public works
 Jean- Jacques Rousseau- do you remember him? For what?
 People adopted govt to protect their private property-became slave
 People’s individual wills should be sacrificed to the general will
 Emile- Education should foster rather restrict- not for all though
 Females should be educated to be good mothers- nurturing/obedient
 Mary Wollstonecraft- (1759-1797) English writer / philosopher
 Wrote- Vindication of the Rights of Women –founder of feminism
 Pointed out contradictions existing views of women-obedience/subjects
 Enlightenment based on reason- women have reason- entitled
Let’s read together
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“The Rights of Women” pg. 520
Culture in an Enlightened Age
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Baroque style was the dominate style up to 1730s
 Remember Baroque- blending of Classical & Renaissance
 Represented a search for power and spirituality
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New Art style emerges—Rococo
 Change from power, grandeur, and movement to
 Grace, charm, and gentle action- pursuit of pleasure, happiness
Peter Paul Rubens
Bodies in violent
Motion.
Peter Paul Rubens
Heavy fleshed
Nudes.
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Peter Paul Rubens
Dramatic use of light
And shadow.
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Culture in an Enlightened Age
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Baroque style was the dominate style up to 1730s
 Remember Baroque- blending of Classical & Renaissance
 Represented a search for power and spirituality
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New Art style emerges—Rococo
 Change from power, grandeur, and movement to
 Grace, charm, and gentle action- pursuit of pleasure, happiness
 Check out the art on page 521
 Remember who setting the standard for art- Louis XIV
 “Keeping up with the Bourbons”
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Art reflected the joy & pleasures of the upper class
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High Culture vs Popular Culture
What does that mean?
•High Culture is the literary & artistic culture of the
educated and wealthy.
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•Popular Culture is the written and unwritten culture of
the masses of which has traditionally been passed down
orally.
•By the 18th century- with more people reading, this
distinction begins to blend
•Published grew 10 x- new books, magazines,
newspapers
•Popular Culture define by poor
•Defining characteristic- communal festival--Carnival.
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Choose a philosophe
Choose an idea concept from them
Create a visual (political cartoon) them
illustrates that idea
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Put effort into the art- NOT Solely grade
Is there back ground information- visuals
Can we identify the main character / idea
Can we tell its an enlightenment concept
Be ready for a quiz- know books / people
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Please read
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Economic Changes and the Social Order
Pages 522-528
Political Cartoon- related to the Philosophes
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If you are NOT working, these assignments will be due at
the end of the Block