Imperialism
0 Post-Spanish American War example = Philippines
0 Imperialists:
0 Roosevelt, Henry Cabot Lodge – enhance trade, spread
influence, commercial power
0 Anti-Imperialists:
0 Carnegie, Gompers, Bryan – cheap labor, immigrant
“pollution”
Imperial Examples
0 Hawaii, Alaska, Puerto Rico, Guam and Samoa –
colonies
0 Cuba – American protectorate
0 Platt Amendment – permanent US naval bases
0 Philippines – war from 1898-1902, independent in
1946.
0 China – Open Door Policy
Progressivism
0 What is it?
0 cultural view that stressed the need to create order and
justice in society (response to chaos of industrial
society)
0 Ideas:
0 Society can be improved
0 Human intervention necessary
0 Anti-laissez faire
Sources 1: Muckrakers
0 journalists who exposed corruption - inspired public
to press for reform
0 Ida Tarbell – History of Standard Oil Trust
0 Frank Norris – The Octopus – railroad practices
0 Lincoln Steffens – The Shame of the Cities
0 Upton Sinclair – The Jungle
0 Jacob Riis – How the Other Half Lives -
tenements/slums
The Jungle
0 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nyH7D9DF0Mc
Social Gospel
0 By 20th century part of American Protestantism –move
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to more moral commitment to victims of
industrialization
Salvation Army fused religion with reform
Charles Sheldon—In His Steps—ideas on ministers role
in poverty
Walter Rauschenbusch promoted human salvation
through Christian reform
Catholic Example: Pope Leo XIII’s encyclical, Rerum
Novarum- church as social reform
Rejection of Social Darwinism
0 Veblen and Taylorism – social sciences and
engineers
0 Led a new middle class of managers, technicians,
engineers, accountants who stress education and
professional organization to set standards for all
0 Bar associations, N.A. of Manufacturers, National
Chamber of Commerce
Settlement House Movement
0 Idea that: environment = cause of ignorance,
poverty, criminality
0 Hull House – Jane Addams (1889)
WOMEN
0 Women played important role in progressivism even
though couldn’t vote because:
0 Women who worked = outside home
0 Middle class women had more leisure time because of
technology, domestic help and children entering school at
earlier age
0 Declining size of family for middle class women along with
long life span
0 More women living outside traditional families and shunned
marriage (10%) never married
0 Higher levels of education
0 EX = CLUBWOMEN
“Sister Suffragette”
0 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aznNQ_5Kz8A
Women’s Suffrage
0 Suffrage was associated with divorce, promiscuity,
child neglect and criminality
0 Alice Paul and National Women’s Party
0 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IYQhRCs9IHM
0 1919 – 38 states have women’s suffrage
0 1920 – 19th Amendment
African Americans and
Reform
0 Souls of Black Folk- W.E.B. DuBois
0 Creation of the NAACP
0 Guinn vs. United States 1915- outlaws grandfather
clause
0 Buchanan v. Worley 1917 – no requirement of
residential segregation
0 “Talented Tenth”
Crusades
0 Temperance – prohibition laws in many states, becomes 18th
Amendment
0 Anti-Saloon League and WCTU
0 Immigration Restriction
0 REGULATION
0 Break up monopolies, more competition
0 Reform capitalism
0 Socialism –
0 Eugene Debs – Socialist Party
0 100,000 – 1 mill in 1912
0 Industrial Workers of the World – IWW “Wobblies”
Statehouse Reform
0 initiative, referendum and recall
0 Initiative submits new legislation to the people
0 referendum required approval of electorate
0 recall gave voters right to remove public officials in
special election.
THE PROGRESSIVE
PRESIDENTS
CREATE A G.O.
0 Match each of the following with its proper president and annotate the law/term:
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Big Stick Diplomacy
Ballinger-Pinchot controversy
Square Deal
Graduated Federal Income Tax
Meat Inspection Act
Federal Reserve Act
Trustbuster
Payne –Aldrich Tariff
Clayton Anti-Trust Act
Dollar Diplomacy
Conservation
Elkins Act (1903)
Federal Trade Commission
Bull Moose Progressives
Moral Diplomacy
Coal Miner Strike 1902
Hepburn Act (1906)
Pure Food and Drug Act
Theodore Roosevelt/Assumes Presidency After the
McKinley Assassination 1901
0 “Bully Pulpit”
0 Nicknamed the “Trustbuster” in 1902 -
a lawsuit against the Northern Securities
Company (J.P. Morgan)
0 1904 Supreme Court which ordered the
trust to be broken up (it was in violation of
the Sherman Anti Trust Act)
0 Roosevelt later broke up Standard Oil
and American Tobacco Company
Theodore Roosevelt/The Square Deal
0 Coal Miner Strike 1902
0 Roosevelt threatened to send in troops to run
the mines if owners wouldn’t agree to
collective bargaining
0 Strike was settled peacefully
0 CHANGE: the gov’t helped settle the strike
W/O using the military against striking workers
0 Roosevelt ran for and won the Presidency in
1904. He promised all American a
SQUARE DEAL
0 all people rich and poor, native born and
immigrant should have an equal opportunity
and be treated fairly
Other Roosevelt Accomplishments
0 Elkins Act (1903) Ended Rebates
0 Hepburn Act (1906) Gave the ICC greater power
including the authority to set railroad rates
0 Meat Inspection Act (Passed After TR read the
Jungle) Forced Meat packing Plants to open their
doors to government inspectors
0 Pure Food and Drug Act required food and drug
companies to list all ingredients on their package
and monitored untrue claims
0 First CONSERVATIONIST President
0 Created 5 Natural Wilderness areas and Convinced
Congress to ban lumbering in 150 million acres of
Govt. land
William Howard Taft/Continuation of TR Policies
0 Chosen by TR to run for
Republican nomination
0 Wins the election of 1908
0Busted two times as
many trusts as TR
0 Taft lacks TR’s political
skill; looses Progressive
support when he backs a
high tariff bill
William Howard Taft/Election of 1912
0 ELECTION of 1912:
0 ROOSEVELT ran for Republican
nomination against TAFT.
0 Taft won the nomination but some
Republicans launched a new party
called the “Progressive Party” which
was nicknamed “BULL MOOSE
PARTY”
0 Democrats choose WOODROW WILSON
(NJ) as their Progressive Candidate.
0 Wilson was able to win
because the Republican vote
was split
The Taft Tub
Woodrow Wilson/New Freedom
0 Lowers Tariffs
0 Wilson does not believe that any trusts
were “good” trusts:
0 found it impossible to break them all up and
so worked to control big corporations
0 Federal Trade Commission: Could
investigate companies and order them to
stop using unfair business practices
0 Clayton Anti Trust Act: Prohibited
business practices that tried to destroy
competition. It also protected Unions and
Workers right to organize.
(reinforced/clarified Sherman Anti-Trust
Act)
0 Federal Reserve Act – regulated and
centralized banking
0 Began Graduated Federal Income Tax
CONCLUSION:
0 How did the “PROGRESSIVE PRESIDENTS” influence
Government?
0 Used the government as a means to reform & regulate big
business/broke up unfair trusts
0 Government regulation/protection for consumers (pure
food & drug act)
0 Regulated the money supply/attempted to add fairness to
the tax system
0 Protected the environment/created the national parks
system