Chapter 17
The Progressive Movement
Page 547
Drive to Reform
Section 1
• A. Progressives- like populist, but more middle
class
• Goals:
– Reform conditions in cities and factories
– End Political Corruption
– End Dirty Business Practices
– Help Poor
– Increase morals
– women’s suffrage
B. Muckrakers
• Muckraker- writer who brings attention to
corruption and poverty
• Examples:
– Lincoln Steffens- McClure’s Magazine, the Shame
of Cities
– Jacob Riis– Ida Tarbell
– Upton Sinclair
– Frank Norris
C. Society Reform
• 1. Helping the Poor
– Social Gospel- Walter Rauschenbusch- must be
Christians and help each other
– Settlement houses- Jane Adams- provide place for
immigrants to stay, take classes, learn English
– YMCA
• 2- End Child Labor- 1902- Illinois bans child
labor
• Other states follow
• Florence Kelly- founds National Child Labor
Union- helped created U.S. Children’s labor
Bureau
• 1916- Keating Owens Act- banned child labor
• 3. Industrial Workers helped
– 1900 highest rated of Industrial accidents
– Triangle Shirtwaist factory fire- New York 1911
• Killed 146 workers
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=owk_LE1GcKY
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jL_U4pGdTV0
– After fire, ten hour work day passed
– Workplace safety laws passed- OSHA
– Worker compensation laws
D. Reform Gov’t
• Progressives wanted to give control back to
the people
• Reform comes out of disaster
– Galveston Texas- Hurricane killed 8,000 people
– City commission founded to run city clean up
efforts
– City commission become permanent
– Many cities adopt commission or City Manager
– How do these take power away from city bosses
• Reform in elections
– Direct Primary
– Initiative
– Referendum
– Recall
– Direct election of Senators- 17th amendment
– How do these effect elections
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q62vlcFL
LlM Johnston flood
Women Make Progress
Section 2
• At Turn of the Century, women seeking to
expand their rights
• A. Hardships
– Only jobs outside of home minimum wage jobs
• Seamstress, secretary, laundresses
– Expected to turn over wages.
– Did get hours lowered, but same laws used to
justify paying women less
B. Goals
• Women wanted:
– Better Wages
– Education
– Better Jobs
– Less working hours
– Suffrage
– Property rights
– Family planning
Cooperative Learn
• Florence Kelly
–1
–2
–3
• Margaret Sanger
–1
–2
–3
• Ida B. Wells
–1
–2
–3
• Carrie Chapman Catt
–1
–2
–3
• Alice Paul
–1
–2
–3
• WCTU
–1
–2
–3
C. Some Success
• NAWSA and NWP help drum up support
during WWI
• Congress approves 19th Amendment in June
1919
• Votes should not be denied based on sex
• Tennessee passes by one vote August 1920
• Become law
Struggle Against Discrimination
Section 3
• A. Americanization
– Settlement houses used to Americanize
immigrants
– Show them how to speak and behave like
Americans
• B. Racism
– Racism based on social Darwinism- some races
more advance then others
• Plessey V. Ferguson backed this thought with
Jim Crow laws
• By 1910, segregation the norm
• C. Reform attempts
– Booker T. Washington- AA’s must be patient
– W.E.B. Du Bois- we cannot wait
• Do fight disenfranchisement started the Niagara
Movement
• Spring field Race riots motivated AA leaders to start the
NAACP-
D. Springfield Riots
• What was significant about Springfield race
riots
E. Other groups fight racism
• Anti-Defamation league in 1913 tries to fight
against anti-Semitism
• Partido Liberal Mexican- tries to help M.A. in
poverty
• Mutualistas- offers loans and provided legal
insurance
• Society of American Indian- protested gov’t
policy against natives- Carlos Montezuma was
their leader
• Takao Ozawas fought laws preventing Asians
from becoming citizens and laws preventing
them from owning land
Roosevelt’s Road to the White House
Section 4
• Theodore Roosevelt was a ambitious, strong
willed politician
• Republican leaders wanted to “keep an eye on
him”
• Make him VP, would make sure he had no
power
• However, one life between him and
presidency
TR’s early life
•
•
•
•
•
•
Very sickly childhood
Studied at Harvard
Wife and mother died on same day
Went out west to be a cattle rancher
Secretary of the Navy
Joined the Rough Riders during Spanish
American War
TR as Prez
• President McKinley assassinated September
14 1901
• McKinley was part of Republican “old guard”
• TR was more progressive
• TR would not be controlled, he was a leader
Roosevelt and the Square Deal
• Believed he was “steward of the people”
• Wanted to give America a “Square Deal”
• Believed their were good trusts- companies
that benefited the American people because
of monopoly
• Bad trusts- companies that took advantage of
the people through monopoly
Trust Busting
• Wanted to break these bad trusts
• Victory over Northern Securities and the
Railroads
• Signaled end of relationship between gov’t
and business where gov’t would let businesses
do whatever they wanted
• Created the Bureau of Corporations in 1903
– Monitor businesses
• Also the Elkins Act- 1903
• Hepburn Act- 1906
Help Workers
• Acted as a mediator in 1902 coal mine strike
• Instead of supporting owners, asked
representative for both sides to come to the
Whitehouse and negotiate
• Both sides were willing to compromise after
he threatened to take over mines
• “ I’ll do it and worry if it is constitutional later”
Square deal for consumers
• Wanted to protect the American consumer
• “The Jungle made it obviously clear that
businesses needed to be regulated
• Created:
– Meat inspection act
– Pure food and drug act- regulated and inspected
food and drug producing facilities
– Producers had to start using labels
Protection of Nature
• Set up national Parks- Yellow Stone National
Park
• Closed off more than 100 million acres of
forest
• Gifford Pinchot- came up with better idea??
• National Reclamation Act?
Filling TR’s Shoes
• TR was very popular in 1908 and could have
easily won re-election
• Would not seek a third term
• Hand picked successor was William Howard
Taft
• Was suppose to continue TR’s progressive
policies
Taft Policies
•
•
•
•
Approved Payne-Aldrich Act- raised tariffs
Stopped distinguishing good and bad trusts
Fired Gifford Pincot
All this greatly upset Roosevelt
• Roosevelt would begin campaigning as third
party leader for election of 1912- Bull Moose
Progressive Party
Taft Victories
• Taft did get some progressive victories
– Income tax passed
– Helped break up even more trusts
– Improved the Interstate Commerce Act
– Gov’t employees received 8 hour work day
– Reformed campaign laws
The Election of 1912
• Describe election of 1912
– 3 candidates
– 3 parties
– Who won?
– Why?
Wilson as Prez
• Wilson, strong willed, intelligent, and well
educated
• Lacked charm of TR- came of as snooty
• Would deliver his messages directly to
Congress personally
• Bypassed the senate and appealed directly to
the people to get the Underwood Tariff Passed
• Underwood Tariff would lower tariffs
• went along with raise in income tax to make
up for lost revenue
• Banking Reform
• Banks required to keep certain amount of
money on hand for their customers
• In times of panic, people would rush to
remove money from banks
• Bank had no central bank to borrow from
• If they ran out of money, bank would close
down
• Created the Federal Reserve
• Three levels
– Federal Reserve Board
– Federal Reserve Banks- bankers’ banks
– Local banks all across the nation
Regulating Big Business
• Clayton Antitrust Act was passed to
strengthen Sherman Antitrust Act
• Much more specific on what corporations
could do
• Created the Federal Trade CommissionHelped regulate businesses
Helping Workers
• Wilson tried to end child labor
• Passed the Keating-Owen Child Labor Act
• Congress Ruled Unconstitutional
• Did help adult laborers by passing legislation
allowing unions more power and better
working conditions
• Helped farmers by setting up farmer banks
Progressive Legacy
• Progressives had success where Populist were
unsuccessful
• Got reform in Gov’t, big business, working
conditions, and rights of minorities.
• Lasting Legacy- Expansion of gov’t and more
control in people’s lives