The Progressive Presidents
Theme 1: The strong progressive movement successfully demanded
that the powers of government be applied to solving the economic and
social problems of industrialization. Progressivism first gained strength at
the city and state level, and then achieved national influence in the
moderately progressive administrations of Theodore Roosevelt.
Theme 2: Roosevelt’s hand-picked successor, William H. Taft, aligned
himself with the Republican Old Guard, causing Roosevelt to break away
and lead a progressive third-party crusade.
I.
Progressive Roots
A.
B.
C.
D.
From Jacob Riis’s How the Other Half Lives, 1890
E.
Evolution of Ideas
1.
Green, Pop, Mugwumps, Middle Class
2.
Activists
a.
Henry Lloyd pioneer in investigative
journalism
b.
Jacob Riis (How the Other Half Lives)
c.
Charlotte P. Gilman more
involvement for women
“Muckrakers” exposed corruption directly to
public
1.
Lincoln Steffens (The Shame of the Cities)
2.
Ida Tarbell (History of Standard Oil)
3.
David Phillips (The Treason of the Senate)
4.
Ray Stannard (Following the Color Line)
5.
Upton Sinclair (Jungle)
Goals
1.
Trusts, political machines, socialism,
consumer protection, voting reform,
conservation, banking, alcohol, female
suffrage, and living conditions
Political Reformers
1.
Robert La Follette pioneer political reform
2.
Hiram Johnson and Southern Pacific
Women
1.
Settlement House movement
2.
Florence Kelley and National Consumer’s
League
3.
Muller v. Oregon, 1906
4.
Triangle Shirtwaist C. fire, 1911
II. TR’s “Square Deal”
A.
Control of Corporations
1.
2.
3.
4.
B.
Anthracite Coal Strike, 1902
Dept. of Commerce and Labor
Northern Securities, 1902
Elkins (rebates) and Hepburn (bad
trusts) Acts
Consumer Protection
1.
2.
C.
Meat Inspection Act, 1906
Pure Food and Drug Act, 1906
Conservation
1.
Gifford Pinchot
a. John Muir (preserve) v. Pinchot (conserve)
2.
Newlands Reclamation Act
Challenge to “Square Deal”
D.
1.
Panic of 1907
a. Inelasticity of money
2.
“He always wanted to be the bride at every wedding and
the corpse at every funeral”
Lochner v. New York, 1905
III. Taft
A.
B.
C.
Election 1908
“Dollar Diplomacy”
Progressive Legislation
1.
90 Anti-trust suits
a.
2.
3.
4.
D.
“rule of reason” limited
regulation
Bureau of Mines
Mann-Elkins Act, 1910
Postal Savings
Split in GOP, 1910
1.
2.
Payne-Aldrich Tariff, 1909
Ballinger-Pinchot
a. Ballinger (corporate use) v
Pinchot (“rational use”)
3.
4.
5.
6.
“Uncle Joe Cannon”
Suit against US Steel
Osawatomie Speech, 1910
Republican Convention, 1911
Election of 1912
Demos
Progressive
“New Freedom”
“New Nationalism”
Philosophy
Small business,
entrepreneurship, and
free functioning,
unregulated &
unmonopolized markets.
Consolidation of trusts and
labor unions, paralleled by
growth of powerful
regulatory agencies
Not Marxist, but wanted
alternative to corrupt 2party system.
Campaign
Promises
Campaigned for
stronger anti-trust
legislation, banking
reform, and lower tariffs.
States rights and
shunned social welfare
Campaigned for women’s
suffrage, graduated income
tax, lower tariffs,
welfare/labor reform,
minimum wage, social
insurance
Got ownership RR,
efficient govt, labor
reform
Supporters
Woodrow Wilson, Louis
Brandeis, William
Jennings Bryan
Teddy Roosevelt, Jane
Addams, Herbert Croly
IWW
Socialists
IV. Wilson
A.
Tariffs, Banks, Trusts
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Other People’s Money and How the
Bankers Use It (1913)
B.
Underwood Tar, 1913
Income Tax, 1913
Federal Reserve Act
a. “Roosevelt Recession”
1907
b. Pujo Committee
c. L.B. Other People’s…
Federal Trade Com.
Clayton Act
a. Danbury Hatters Case
Labor Laws
Society
1.
2.
3.
17th Amendment
18th Amendment
19th Amendment
IV. Wilson (cont.)
C. Challenges
1.
Free Speech
a. Schenck v. U.S., 1919
2.
Woman’s Suffrage
a.
b.
3.
African Americans
a.
b.
c.
D.
Race Riots
Niagra Movement
NAACP
Foreign Policy
1.
2.
3.
RMS Lusitania sunk on May 7, 1915
Carrie Chapman Catt
Alice Paul
Anti-Imperialist in Asia
Imperialist in LA
Isolationist
a. Lusitania, Arabic, Sussex
E.
Election 1916
1. “He kept us out of war!”
Putting Things In Order
(use the information in chapter 28 to answer these
questions)
1.________A former president opposes his handpicked successor for the
Republican presidential nomination
2.________Sensational journalistic accounts of corruption and abuse of power in
politics and business spur the progressive movement.
3.________A progressive forestry official feuds with Taft’s secretary of interior,
deepening the division of the Republican party.
4.________A novelistic account of Chicago’s meatpacking industry sparks new
federal laws to protect consumers.
Putting Things In Order
Answers
A.) 5
B.) 1
C.) 4
D.) 2
E.) 3
Putting Things In Order
(use the information from chapter 29 to
answer these questions)
1._____Wilson extracts a dangerously conditional German agreement to halt
submarine warfare
2._____Wilson’s superb leadership pushes major reforms of the tariff and
monetary system through Congress
3.______The bull moose and the elephant are both electorally defeated by the
donkey bearing the banner of “New Freedom”
4.______The heavy loss of American lives to German submarines nearly leads
United States into war with Germany
5.______Despite efforts to avoid involvement in the Mexican revolution,
Wilson’s occupation of a Mexican port raises the threat of war
Answers to Putting Things In
Order
A.5
B.2
C.1
D.4
E.3