BIOL 242
Lab/Immune System Exam Review
1. B cells are educated in the ________________
2. T cells are educated in the ________________
3. What are the 2 intrinsic systems of the immune system?
4. What are the 2 main components of the innate immune system? Describe what each
entails (slide 8)
5. How does the skin protect the body from outside invaders?
6. What specialized mechanism do the lungs have for clearing out debris?
7. What 2 cells are phagocytes? Which is the chief phagocyte?
8. How do neutrophils become phagocytes?
9. How do macrophages become phagocytes? Why are they so important?
10. What is opsonization and what is its function?
11. Some pathogens are resistant to lysosomal enzymes, like TB. In this case, helper T cells
release chemicals that stimulate a macrophage to produce a strong chemical cascade of
cytotoxic agents which is called?
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BIOL 242
Lab/Immune System Exam Review
12. Are natural killer cells specific or non-specific cells?
a. What cells are their target?
13. What are the 4 cardinal signs of inflammation?
14. What are some inflammatory mediators produced by the body?
a. What are these inflammatory mediators released by?
15. Inflammatory chemicals cause 2 things:
16. What does increased vascular permeability lead to?
17. What is exudate and why is it important?
18. What is diapedesis?
19. What is chemotaxis?
20. What is pus?
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BIOL 242
Lab/Immune System Exam Review
21. What can happen if pus is not cleared out?
22. What are the most important anti-microbial proteins?
23. What is the function of interferon?
24. What is complement and what does it do?
25. What is C3b and why is it important?
26. In fever, what chemical resets the body’s temperature upward?
27. Fevers are helpful because?
28. How does the adaptive immune response differ from the innate?
29. Humoral immunity provides ______ cells
30. Cell-mediated immunity provides ______ cells
31. ____________ are the markers on the outside of foreign particles/cells that have made
it into the body.
32. ___________ are produced by B cells and they attach to foreign antigens displayed on
cell surfaces.
33. Incomplete ags are called __________
34. When do haptens cause a problem?
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BIOL 242
Lab/Immune System Exam Review
35. MHC proteins are protein molecules that help the body determine what is self and nonself by displaying self-ags. T/F
36. Infected cells MCH proteins can also display foreign ags T/F
37. The body has positive and negative selection methods in order to weed out potentially
self-reactive T and B cells. T/F
38. What cells are APCs (antigen presenting cells)?
39. When B cells are stimulated by an antigen to produce antibodies, they divide and
produce clone cells. These clone cells become 2 types of cells:
40. Describe a primary immune response:
41. Describe a secondary immune response:
42. When does passive humoral immunity occur naturally?
43. Antibodies also called ______________________
44. How main chains and what type of chains are included in an ab? What kind of regions?
45. The constant region determines the antibody class T/F
46. The variable regions combine to form
47.
48. Describe IgM
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BIOL 242
Lab/Immune System Exam Review
49. Describe IgA
50. Describe IgD
51. Describe IgG
52. Describe IgE
53. Do abs destroy ags?
54. Abs form ab-ag complexes and cause (name 4 and describe each):
55. CD4 cells become ___________________ when activated.
56. CD8 cells become ___________________ when activated.
57. Two other types of T cells are:
58. T cells recognize and respond to:
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BIOL 242
Lab/Immune System Exam Review
59. T cells are activated when:
60. MHC Classes:
a. Class I MHC proteins are found here and are recognized by what T cell?
b. Class II MHC proteins are found here and are recognized by what T cell?
61. To activate a T cell, 2 things must happen:
62. Why is the disposal of T cells important?
63. What is the role of IL-2?
64. Cytokines amplify the immune response T/F.
65. What is the role of the T helper cell?
66. What is the role of a cytotoxic T cell
67. What are the signs of abnormality that NK cells recognize?
68. Does an NK cell kill foreign cells in the same manner as T cells?
69. NK cells and T cells kill the same cells T/F
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BIOL 242
Lab/Immune System Exam Review
70. What is the function of Treg cells?
71. What is SCID?
72. What is Hodgkin’s dz?
73. HIV affects the immune system how?
74. How is HIV transmitted?
75. Can you have HIV without having AIDS?
76. What are some possible sxs of AIDS?
77. What happens to the immune system in an autoimmune pathology?
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BIOL 242
Lab/Immune System Exam Review
78. _______________ cause immediate and subacute hypersensitivities.
79. ____________cause delayed hypersensitivity.
80. Type I hypersensitivity: is there usually a reaction on first exposure to an allergen?
a. What is the severe consequence of TI hypersensitivity if exposed again? What is
the tx for this?
81. Describe a TII hypersensitivity reaction
82. Describe a TIII hypersensitivity reaction
83. Describe Type IV hypersensitivity reaction
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