AP Biology: Chapter 43 Guided Reading Assignment
1. Contrast innate and acquired immunity – include specific examples.
2. Describe and provide specific examples of:
a. External defenses
b. Role of phagocytosis and phagocytic cells
c. Four types of phagocytic cells
i. Neutrophils
ii. Monocytes
iii. Eosinophils
iv. Dendritic cells
3. Label the following diagram representing phagocytosis
4. What is the interstitial fluid and how does it function in the lymphatic system? Hint: “interstitial” is
one of those terms I could easily quiz
5. Why are the lymph nodes an important part of the lymphatic system?
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6. Define the following antimicrobial proteins:
a. Complement system
b. Interferon alpha and beta
7. Describe the steps in the local inflammatory response – specify the roles of histamine, mast cells
and chemokines
8. Why should you not “run for the Tylenol” when you first get a fever?
9. What are natural killer cells and how do they contribute to apoptosis?
10. I say over and over in class that evolution is the unifying theme – considering that statement –
how does the immune system of invertebrates support that assertion.
11. What is the relationship between the following terms: antigen and epitope?
12. What is an antigenic determinant?
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13. Label the epitope below.
14. Compare and contrast B cells and T cells.
15. Label the diagram below of antigen receptors
16. Recall the chapter on protein structure and the continuing theme of the relationship of structure to
function: is there a limit to the number of antigen binding sites on T cells and B cells? Why or why
not?
17. How do MHC molecules assist the body in its immune response?
18. What is the difference between Class I MHC molecules and Class II MHC molecules?
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19. List the developmental steps of lymphocytes.
20. What “protections” does the human body have against lymphocytes that recognize your “own”
body cells?
21. What is the difference between effector cells and memory cells?
22. What are the easiest and most specific words to define clonal selection?
23. Describe the primary immune response.
24. Describe the secondary immune response.
25. Is the humoral response funny? (I am sorry but I could not resist!)
26. Complete the diagram below – an overview of the acquired immune response.
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27. What do the helper T cells do and why is the protein CD4 important?
28. How does the helper T cell communicate with the cytotoxic T cells?
29. Where would you find CD8 surface proteins?
30. Label the following diagram summarizing the humoral immune response.
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31. Briefly detail the following immunoglobulins:
a. IgM
b. IgG
c. IgA
d. IgE
e. IgD
32. Describe how antibodies and antigens interact in the immune system.
33. Contrast passive and active immunization – using you as an example, provide 2 specific
examples of each.
34. Specifically why can’t an individual with Type A blood receive a Type B blood transfusion?
35. What is the Rh factor?
36. Why are MHC’s tested prior to organ transplantation?
37. What is happening to your body if you have an allergy to dust?
38. What is the underlying problem in autoimmune diseases?
39. What is the difference between primary and secondary immunodeficiency?
40. Why do people with HIV get their T cell numbers tested?
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