First Year
Farmocology
For
Fort Wayne
Firefighters
Ken L. Hendricks, Ed.S.,
CC/NREMTP, PI, NCEE
Goals of this Session
Awareness of
Drug Names
Drug Classifications
6 R’s
Sources and Medical Uses for Drugs
Routes
Be Able to Apply Simple Clues to Identify
Classification of Patient Medications – Notes?
May be able to Connect Classifications of
Medications to Patient’s Medical History or
Current Condition
Five Medical Uses for Drugs
Therapeutic use
Diagnostic use
Curative use
Replacement use
Preventive or Prophylactic use
Routes of Medications:
– PO (by mouth)
– IV (intravenous)
– IM (intramuscularly)
– SQ (subcutaneous)
– SL (sub-lingual)
– IO (intraosseous)
– Inhalation
5 “Rights” of medication
administration (or is it 6?)
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Right patient
Right medication
Right route
Right dose
Right date
• Right to refuse
Drug Sources
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Plants--Morphine
Animal--Insulin
Mineral--Sodium Bicarbonate
Synthetic--Lidocaine
NaHCO3
Drug Names
• Chemical
• Generic
• Trade
• Official
Chemical Name
A precise description of a drug’s
chemical composition and
molecular structure.
ethyl 1-methyl4phenylisonipectoratehydrochlor
ide
Generic
A markedly abbreviated form
of the chemical name of the
drug.
Generic medications usually
have the same therapeutic
efficacy as the non-generic
and are generally less
expensive.
meperidine hydrochloride
Trade
A copyrighted name
designated by the drug
company that sells the
medication
.
Trade names are proper
nouns.
The first letter is
capitalized.
Demerol® hydrochloride
Official Name
Followed by the initials
USP or NF, denoting a
listing in one of the official
publications.
Usually the same as the
generic name.
meperidine
hydrochloride, USP
ALLERGIC REACTIONS
• All medications have the
potential to create an
allergic reaction
• Be vigilant for signs of
allergic reactions or
anaphylaxis
• Antibiotics have a
greater potential for
allergic reactions than
any other drugs
CLASSIFICATIONS OF
MEDICATIONS
18 classifications of
drugs plus OTC
medications
CLASSIFICATIONS OF
MEDICATIONS
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Anticoagulants
Anticonvulsants
Antidiabetics
Antidysrhythmics
Antihypertensives
Anti-infectives
Antipsychotics
Cardiac glycosides
Corticosteroids
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GI Agents
IV fluids
Narcotics
Parenteral Nutrition
Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors
Respiratory Medications
Sedatives
Vasoactive Agents
HUMAN BODY SYSTEMS
EFFECTED BY MEDICATIONS
that we will discuss today
Respiratory
Cardiac
Endocrine
Genitourinary
Mental
Immune
Gastrointestinal
Neuromuscular
Let’s Look at some of
the drugs that you
will run across as
you 1st Respond
based on the System
of the Body effected.
RESPIRATORY
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Atrovent (Ipratroprium)
Albuterol –Proventil - Ventolin
Advair
Combivent
Spiriva
Phenegran
Pulmicort
DIABETES/HORMONES
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Glucatrol/Glipozide
Metformin – Glucophage
Actos
Januvia
Humalog/Insulin
Synthyroid
Prednisone
Premarin
CARDIAC/CIRCULATORY
• Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors
• ***pril ACE Inhibitors
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Benazepril (G) - Lotensin
Captopril (G) - Capoten
Enalapril (G) - Vasotec, also sold as Vaseretic
Fosinopril (G) - Monopril
Lisinopril (G) - Prinivil, also sold as Zestril
Moexipril (G) - Univasc
Quinapril (G) - Accupril
Ramipril (G) - Altace
Trandolapril (G) - Mavik
Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers
Irbesartan - Avapro
Losartan - Cozaar
Telmisartan - Micardis
Valsartan - Diovan
CARDIAC/CIRCULATORY
• Beta Blockers
• ***ol
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Acebutolol (G) - Sectral
Atenolol (G) - Tenormin
Betaxolol (G) - Kerlone
Bisoprolol (G) - Zebeta, also sold as Ziac
Carteolol (G) - Cartrol
Carvedilol (G) - Coreg
Labetalol (G)- Normodyne, also sold as Trandate
Metoprolol (G)- Lopressor, also sold as Toprol
Nadolol (G) - Corgard
Penbutolol - Levatol
Propranolol (G) - Inderal, Inderal LA
Timolol (G) - Blocadren
CARDIAC/CIRCULATORY
• High Cholesterol Drugs
• ***statins
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Atorvastation – Lipitor
Lovastatin - Mevacor
Mevastatin
Simvestatin - Zocor
Pravastatin – Pravachol
Rouvastation – Crestor
Vytorin
Caduet
CARDIAC/CIRCULATORY
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Additional
Benicar
Calan/Verapamil
Sprironolactone/Aldosterase
Lasix/Furosimide/Bumex
Plavix
Nitroglycerin – Imdur
Lovenox
GASTROINTESINAL
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Tagament/Cimetadine
Bentyl
Reglan
Protonix
Nexium
GENITOURNINRY
• Flomax
• Detropan
• Detrol
NEUROMUSCULAR
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Klonipin
Flexeral
Neurontin
Keppra
Lamictal
Dilantin
Topamax
Depakene
Tetgretol
Cerebyx
Psychiatric-Emotional
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Wellbutrin
Celexa
Valium
Prozac
Remeron
Aricept (Alzheimer)
Paxil
Compazine
Zoloft
Effexor
Geodon
Seroquil
Xanax
BEWARE
Questions that Need to be
Asked
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Are you allergic to any drugs?
What is the drug taken for?
Did you take it? When?
How much did you take?
Where do you keep your meds stored?
Are the meds expired?
A Simple Summary
• A patient’s medications can provide a
tremendous amount of information
regarding the patient’s underlying medical
problems.
THANKS FWFD
• ??????s
• Stay Safe
• See You Out There
OTC MEDICATIONS
• During the course of a transport,
particularly a long distance transfer, it
may be necessary to administer certain
commonly used OTC medications
OTC MEDICATIONS
• May include medications for the
following:
• Pain (Ibuprofen, acetaminophen, etc.)
• Motion sickness (Dramamine)
• Antacids
• Antihistamines
OTC MEDICATIONS
• Guidelines for administration:
– Written order by physician that includes
name of drug, route of administration,
indication, dose and time of initial and
repeat dosing
– Drug must be supplied by the sending
facility
– Drug must have been used previously
by patient without adverse reactions
OTC MEDICATIONS
• Administration must be documented as
with all other medications
• Remember that even OTC drugs can
result in adverse or allergic reactions
so watch for any such reactions
following administration
PRESCRIPTION DRUGS
• During longer transports you may need
to administer one or more of the
patient’s regular prescription drugs
• The drug must be included in one of
the classifications that are part of the
PIFT module
CONCLUSIONS
• Be constantly alert—patients can
change in seconds
• Know your drugs---use resources
• Remember that every drug, even OTC
drugs, have the potential to result in a
serious adverse reaction
CONCLUSIONS
• Never leave the sending facility unless
you feel thoroughly comfortable with
your patient and with the medications
you are being asked to administer or
monitor
CONCLUSIONS
• Make sure that you are thoroughly
prepared for any complication
• Know where possible diversion
hospitals are located
• Use OLMC whenever necessary
Questions?