Tissues Flashcards
1) What is a TISSUE?
2) What happens during the process of
cell differentiation?
3) What does the presence of large
numbers of microvilli on the
exposed surfaces of epithelial cells
indicate?
4) What are the two types of tissues?
5) What are the two categories of
connective tissue?
6) What are the 5 types of Proper
connective tissue?
7) What are the 5 types of Special
connective tissue?
8) What is a sheet of cells that separate
one region from another?
9) What supplies oxygen and nutrients
to the epithelium?
10) What are the three functions of
epithelia?
11) What sits on top of connective tissue
and is connected to it by the
basement membrane?
12) What is the basement membrane
made of?
13) What is the ONLY function of the
basement membrane?

A group of cells, usually similar, which share
a particular function.
 Each organ is made up of tissues.
Each cell develops a characteristic set of
structural features, and each cell has to contribute
one piece toward the overall function of the
organism, so that all the vital functions can be
covered. During differentiation, cells in nearby
locations become able to work together. After
differentiation, cells do not change their function
throughout their life cycle.
That this is the area where absorption and
secretion take place. These cells are transportation
specialists. They are probably located along
portions of the digestive and urinary tracts.
1) Epithelium
2) Connective Tissue
1) Fibrous (proper) connective tissue
2) Special connective tissue
1) Adipose
2) Reticular
3) Loose
4) Dense regular
5) Dense irregular
1) Cartilage
2) Bone
3) Blood
4) Muscle
5) Nerves
Epithelium
Blood vessels in the connective tissue
1) To separate one region from the other; e.g.
skin, stomach lining, blood vessel lining,
intestine, heart.
2) Forms exocrine glands
3) The epithelial cells are the type of tissue
that protects the underlying structures
Epithelia
The basement membrane is made of protein fibers
To attach the epithelium to the connective
tissue beneath it
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Tissues Flashcards
14) Where do epithelia get its oxygen
and nutrients from?
What are the upper and lower
surfaces of epithelium called?
From the blood vessels in the connective tissue
beneath the basement membrane
Basal Side (faces the basement membrane)
Apical side (faces the lumen or space)
15) What are the two different types of
epithelium?
16) What are the 4 types of simple
epithelium?
1) Simple Epithelium
2) Stratified Epithelium
1) Simple squamous
2) Simple cuboidal
3) Simple columnar
4) Pseudostratified columnar
1) Stratified squamous
2) Stratified cuboidal
3) Stratified columnar
4) Transitional
Simple squamous
17) What are the 4 types of stratified
epithelium?
18) Which type of epithelium is the
thinnest?
19) What epithelium only has one layer?
20) Which epithelium has flat cells that
allow for diffusion of materials
between cells? Where is it found?
21) Which type of epithelium is cube
shaped and allows for a lot of
material going from one
compartment to another and also has
plenty of room for organelles?
Where is it found?
22) What type of epithelium has one
layer of rectangular shaped cells?
23) Which type of epithelium is found in
the trachea? What special cell is
associated with them, and what does
it produce?
24) Where is pseudostratified epithelium
found?
25) What type of epithelium always has
cilia on their apical surfaces? Where
is it found?
26) What type of epithelium has more
than one cell layer?
Simple Epithelium
Simple Squamous Epithelium
Found in the lungs and kidney glomerulus
Simple Cuboidal Epithelium
Found in the kidney tubules
Simple columnar
Pseudo-Stratified Epithelium
Associated with GOBLET CELLS, which
produce mucus
Trachea
Pseudo-Stratified Epithelium
Found in the trachea.
Stratified Epithelium
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Tissues Flashcards
27) In stratified epithelium, if the basal
cells are one shape and the apical
cells are another shape, which layer
is the epithelium named after?
28) What epithelium is found in the
regions of the body where lots of
abrasions or wear and tear occur?
29) What are the two types of Stratified
Squamous Epithelium?
30) Which Stratified Squamous
Epithelium is waterproof and found
in the thick, dry areas of the skin?
31) Which Stratified Squamous
Epithelium is moist skin (like what
is found lining the mouth and
esophagus)?
32) What type of epithelium usually
consists of two layers that are square
shaped and there is almost no
diffusion between them, and is
usually found in tubes associated
with glands? Where is it found?
33) What type of epithelium is usually
two layers, is rectangular, and allows
for no diffusion between them?
It is named by the apical layer. For example, if the
basal layer is cuboidal shaped, but the apical
layer is squamous shaped, it would be named
stratified squamous epithelium.
Stratified Squamous Epithelium
34) What type of epithelium is relatively
rare, providing protection along
portions of the pharynx, urethra, and
anus?
35) What epithelium can stretch and
change shape? Where is it found?
Stratified Columnar Epithelium
36) What type of tissue lines the urinary
bladder?
37) What are the 2 types of connective
tissues?
38) What are the functions of connective
tissues?
Transitional epithelium
39) What are the five types of proper
(fibrous) connective tissue?
Keratinized Stratified Squamous Epithelium
Non-Keratinized Stratified Squamous Epithelium
Keratinized Stratified Squamous Epithelium
Non-Keratinized Stratified Squamous Epithelium
Stratified Cuboidal Epithelium-sweat gland
Stratified Columnar Epithelium-
Transitional epithelium- Urinary Bladder
Fibrous (proper) Connective tissue
Special connective tissue
1) Defend the body from invasion by
microorganisms
2) Provide protection for delicate organs
3) Establish a structural framework for the
body
1) Adipose connective tissue
2) Reticular (lymph nodes)
3) Loose connective tissue
4) Dense Irregular connective tissue
5) Dense Regular connective tissue
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Tissues Flashcards
40) What type of tissue has lots of
adipocytes? What is stored inside?
41) What tissue are lymph nodes?
42) What is the least specialized
connective tissue?
43) What type of tissue’s main cell type
is Fibroblast and is common in areas
just deep to epithelium?
44) How is areolar (loose) connective
tissue formed?
45) Skeletal muscle is bound together by
what type of tissue?
46) How is dense connective tissue
formed?
47) What are the main characteristics of
Dense Irregular connective tissue?
48) What are the main characteristics of
Dense Regular connective tissue and
an example of where it can be
found?
49) What tissue type are tendons?
50) What are five three types of special
connective tissue?
51) What is the main cell type of
cartilage?
52) What type of tissues extracellular
matrix is dense collagen, almost
solid, very rigid, and avascular?
53) What are the three types of cartilage,
and where is each one found? Which
is most common?
54) What type of tissues’ extracellular
matrix is solid and full of minerals?
What is the main cell type?
55) What type of tissues’ extracellular
matrix is plasma?
Adipose Tissue
Fat is stored inside
Reticular
Areolar
Loose connective tissue (Areolar)
formed by the differentiation of embryonic
connective tissue
Areolar
formed by the differentiation of embryonic
connective tissue
 Has lots of collagen fibers
 Fibers have irregular position; no pattern
 Extremely strong in all directions
 Found in areas of body where strength is
needed (joint capsules and deeper layer of
dermis)
 Has lots of collagen fibers that have a
pattern and run in same direction. Stronger
than Irregular, but in one direction.
 Ligaments and tendons (they are not
muscle tissue)
 Dense regular connective tissue (they are
not muscle tissue!)
1. Cartilage
2. Bone
3. Blood
4. Muscles
5. Nervous tissue
Chondrocytes
Cartilage
1. Hyaline Cartilage (joints; most common)
2. Elastic Cartilage (ear)
3. Fibrocartilage (intervertebral discs)
Bone
The main cell type is Osteocyte
Blood
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Tissues Flashcards
What is the main cell type of blood?
56) What are the three types of
membranes?
57) What membranes lines the inside of
fluid-filled joints and has cellular
layers that are incomplete, with gaps
between adjacent cells?
58) What membranes are covered in
epithelium and are involved in
absorption and secretion?
59) What membranes cover the heart,
lungs, and line the abdominal
cavity?
60) What is the major function of a
serous membrane?
61) What is inflammation of the serous
membrane of the heart called?
62) What is inflammation of the serous
membrane of the lungs called?
63) What is inflammation of the serous
membrane of the abdominal cavity
called?
64) Besides shape, what is another way
to classify epithelium?
65) What are the two types of moist
epithelium?
66) What type of substance does mucosa
epithelium secrete? What would be
an example of a mucosal epithelium?
67) What type of substance does serosa
epithelium secrete? Where is it
found?
68) What is an example of dry
epithelium?
69) Is collagen a cell or just a protein
fiber? Where is it found?
What cell makes collagen?
70) What is connective tissue made of?
71) What type of cartilage has the most
collagen?
72) What type of cartilage is best at
resisting compression forces?
73) What type of connective tissue has
the most collagen?
The main cell type is an Erythrocyte
Synovial, mucous, serous
Synovial
Mucous
Serous
To produce tiny amounts of transudate on their
opposing surfaces to reduce friction.
Pericarditis
Pleuritis
Peritonitis
By whether it is moist or dry
Mucosa and Serosa
Mucus
Example: pseudo-stratified epithelium
Watery secretions, like sweat
Found in parts of the body that need lubrication
Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
Collagen is a type of protein fiber.
It is found in all connective tissues (other than
blood). Collagen is made from fibroblasts.
Collagen.
Fibrocartilage
Fibrocartilage
Dense regular CT
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Tissues Flashcards
74) Where is most of the body’s
collagen fibers found?
75) Does collagen regenerate well?
Why?
76) What gives connective tissue an
elastic consistency and does not
interfere with diffusion of materials
from area to another?
77) What is the main function of
collagen?
78) What are the two types of glands?
Dermis
Collagen has very little blood supply so it does
not regenerate well
Collagen
To provide support and elasticity for connective
tissues.
Exocrine Glands
Endocrine Glands
Exocrine Gland
79) What type of gland secretes
substances into a duct which empties
out onto the skin or into the lumen of
a body tube?
80) What type of gland secretes its
Endocrine Glands
product (hormones) into blood?
81) What are the four types of exocrine
1) Serous Glands
glands based on the type of
2) Mucous Glands
secretion?
3) Mixed Glands (serous + mucous)
4) Oil Glands
82) What do serous glands secrete?
Sweat
83) What do mucous glands secrete?
Mucous
84) What do oil glands secrete?
Waxy and oily substances
85) What do mixed glands secrete?
Watery substances plus mucous (salivary glands)
86) Which glands secrete sweat?
Serous and Mixed glands
87) Is a goblet cell a unicellular or
Goblet cells are unicellular glands
multicellular gland?
88) What are the three types of glands
1) Merocrine Glands
classified by the method of
2) Apocrine Glands
secretion?
3) Holocrine Glands
89) What glands produce a secretion by
Merocrine Glands
the process called exocytosis?
90) What are the functions of Merocrine They secrete sweat, which functions for
glands?
a) Thermoregulation
b) Inhibiting bacteria on the skin
c) Excretion of water, electrolytes, drugs
They do not function as a lubricant for the skin.
91) What is exocytosis?
Exocytosis is when a secretion vesicle moves to
the plasma membrane, where it fuses and the
material is released outside the cell.
92) What gland accumulates material in Apocrine Glands
the apical section, the top if the cell breaks
off, and the material is released?
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Tissues Flashcards
93) What are two examples of an
apocrine gland?
94) What gland secretes a protein?
95) What are the two types of sweat
glands?
96) Which gland will break off entirely
with all the contents inside? What
gland would be an example?
97) Which glands are found in the axilla
and pubic regions?
98) Which two types of glands are found
all over the body?
99) Name the two types of glands
classified by their structure (What
they look like)
100)
Where is a goblet cell found?
101)
What are the two types of
multicellular glands?
Mammary glands and glands associated with
pubic and axillary hairs.
Apocrine glands
Merocrine (Eccrine) and apocrine
Holocrine Glands
Example: sebaceous glands
Apocrine
Sebaceous and Merocrine (Eccrine)
Unicellular Glands and Multicellular Glands
In the Respiratory Tract ; trachea
Multicellular Glands: alveolar or tubular; simple
(no branches) or compound (has branches)
 Simple alveolar
 Simple tubular (sweat glands)
 Compound alveolar (mammary)
 Compound tubular
ALVEOLAR
TUBULAR
102)
Picture of the different types
of Multicellular Glands
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