Chapter 5
Tissues
Tissues
 Cells are arranged in ____________________________
that provide specific functions for the body
 Cells of different tissues are
_________________________________ differently, which
leads to their differences in
_____________________________.
 The Tissues of the body include four major types:




Epithelial
______________________________________
Muscular
Nervous
Epithelial Tissues
 Widespread throughout the body – Covers
________________________________ and lines body
surfaces
 Anchored to a ____________________________
membrane
 Made up of tightly packed cells containing little
intercellular material
 Generally lack
______________________________________
 Are frequently replaced
 Function in protection, secretion, absorption, excretion
and sensory reception.
Structure of Epithelial Tissues
Simple Squamous Epithelium
 Made up of a
___________________
_ layer of thin,
flattened cells
 Functions in the
exchange of
___________________ in
the lungs
 Lines blood and lymph
vessels as well as
body cavities
Simple Cuboidal Epithelium
 Consists of a single
layer of
__________________
_-shaped cells with
centrally located
nuclei
 Functions in
__________________
__ and absorption in
the kidneys and in
secretion in glands
Simple Columnar Epithelium
 Made up of rows of
_________________________
cells whose nuclei are all located
near the basement membrane
 Lines the ______________,
stomach and intestines where it
protects underlying tissues,
secretes digestive fluids and
absorbs nutrients
 In the intestine, these cells
possess
_____________________ that
increase the surface area
Pseudostratified Columnar
Epithelium
 Appeared
______________________
due to the varying
positions of their nuclei
within the rows of cells,
but are not truly layered.
 ________________ may be
present
 Cilia on these cells aid in
moving eggs through
oviducts to the uterus in
the female reproductive
system
Stratified Squamous Epithelium
 Made up of
_______________
of ___________________
cells that are designed to
protect underlying layers
 Makes up the outer layer of
skin
 Lines the
________________, throat,
vagina and anal canal
Stratified Cuboidal Epithelium
 Consists of two to three layers
of
___________________________
cells lining a _________________
(opening) of the mammary glands,
sweat glands and pancreas.
 Several layers of cells provide
greater protection than a single
layer.
Stratified Columnar Epithelium
 Consists of several layers
of cells
 Found in part of the male
_______________ and parts
of the pharynx
Transitional Epithelium
 Designed to _________________________ and return to
its normal size
 Found in the urinary bladder
 Design provides distensibility
(_________________________) and keeps urine from
diffusing back into the internal cavity
Glandular Epithelium
 Made up of cells designed to produce and secrete
substances into _________________________ or into body
fluids
 ___________________________ glands – glands that
secrete products into ducts
 ___________________________ glands – glands that
secrete products directly into body fluids and blood.
Glandular Epithelium
Connective Tissues
 Bind, support, protect, serve as
__________________________________, fill spaces,
store fat, produce blood cells, protect against
infection and repair tissue damage
 Unlike epithelial tissues, connective tissues have
abundant _________________________________
material and have good blood supplies (except in
cartilage)
 There are 6 types of connective tissues
Loose Connective Tissue
 Forms delicate, thin
__________________________
_ throughout the body that
bind body parts together.
 Binds the skin to underlying
__________________________
and fills spaces within muscle.
Adipose Tissue
 Designed to store
________________
 Found beneath the skin,
around joints, padding the
________________________
_ and other internal organs,
and in certain abdominal
membranes.
Dense Connective Tissue
 Consists of densely
packed
__________________
__ and is very strong,
but lacks a good
blood supply.
 Is found as part of
___________________
and ligaments
Cartilage
 Provides a supportive framework for various structures.
 _______________________________ Cartilage – is white
with abundant fine collagen fibers
 Is found at the end of bones and supports respiratory
passages
 __________________________________ Cartilage
 Provides a framework for the external ears and parts of the
larynx
 _____________________________________________
 Tough tissue that provides a shock-absorbing function in
intervertebral disks and in the knees and pelvic girdle
Cartilage
Bone
 The most rigid
_______________________
__ tissue
 Bone cells are called
_________________________
 Has a good blood supply,
enabling rapid recovery
after an injury.
Blood
 Composed of red and white
cells suspended in
_________________________
___
 Formed in the red bone
_______________________
 Functions to transport
substances throughout the
body.
Muscular Tissue
 Muscle cells or fibers can
______________________
 Muscular tissue consists of three main types:
 __________________________________
 __________________________________
 __________________________________
Skeletal Muscle Tissue
 Attached to
______________________
 ________________________
– can be controlled by
conscious effort
 Cells (muscle fibers) are
long and cylindrical,
______________________
(striped) and have many
nuclei
 Contract from nervous
impulse and then relaxes
Smooth Muscle Tissue
 Lacks
___________________________, only
has one nucleus, and consists of
spindle shaped cells
 ___________________________ – is
not controlled consciously
 Found in the walls of internal
_____________________________
and in the digestive tract, blood
vessels and urinary bladder
Cardiac Muscle Tissue
 Found only in the
____________________
 Consists of branching
____________________
that are connected to
each other
 Has a single nucleus in
each cell, but appears
stretched
Nervous Tissue
 Found in the
__________________
_, spinal cord and
nerves
 Neurons or nerve
cells conduct
nervous
__________________
__
 __________________
__ (helper cells)
support and nourish
the neurons